Communication Engineering

Eng.Mohyee Mikhemar
Ain Shams University
Aug 2002

Contents

Introduction Cellular concepts GSM network GSM protocol Circuit Realization

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GSM Network

GSM Network

Features:

Roaming. ISDN capability. Use of SIM card. Control of transmission power. Frequency hopping. Discontinuous transmission. Mobile-assisted handover

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GSM Network

GSM Architecture
Operation and Maintenance subsystem
OMS

Switching Subsystem
MS Mobile Station
GSM Network

BSS

SS

Base Station subsystem

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Mobile Station

Mobile Equipment

Handset Identity code (32 bit).

SIM card: Subscriber Identity Module

IMSI: International Mobile Subscriber Identity (34 bit). Ki: Identity and Authentication key Kc: Ciphering key A3 , A5 , A8: Ciphering Algorithms

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GSM Network

Base Station Subsystem

BTS: Base Transceiver station

3 Antennas: 2 Rx & 1 Tx. Microwave link with the network Control many (BTS) It handles many functions:

BSC: Base station controller

Channel Allocation Link quality Supervision

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GSM Network

Base Station Subsystem

Transmission of broadcast messages Controlling power level Controlling frequency hopping Error correction coding and decoding Hardware processing Data and signaling encryption Digital speech transcoding Data rate adaptation

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GSM Network

Switching Subsystem
EIR AUC

GMSC
GIWU

HLR

MSC
VLR

MSC:Mobile Service Switching center

Co-ordinates call setup One MSC control several BSC

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GSM Network

Switching Subsystem
EIR AUC

GMSC
GIWU

HLR

MSC
VLR

HLR:Home Location Register

Database of all subscribers information

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GSM Network

Switching Subsystem
EIR AUC

GMSC
GIWU

HLR

MSC
VLR

AUC:Authentication center

Manage the security data for subscriber authentication

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GSM Network

Switching Subsystem
EIR AUC

GMSC
GIWU

HLR

MSC
VLR

EIR:Equipment Identity Register

Database of all Mobile Equipments

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GSM Network

Switching Subsystem
EIR AUC

GMSC
GIWU

HLR

MSC
VLR

VLR:Home Location Register

Database of all visitors information

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GSM Network

Switching Subsystem
EIR AUC

GMSC
GIWU GMSC:Gateway MSC

HLR

MSC
VLR

Gateway to the PSTN

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GSM Network

Switching Subsystem
EIR AUC

GMSC
GIWU

HLR

MSC
VLR

GIWU:Gateway Networking Unit

For Communication with users outside GSM

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GSM Network

OMS

Operation and Maintenance Subsystem:

Network operation and maintenance Subscription management: charging and billing. Mobile equipment management

GSM Network

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Spectrum Sharing

GSM Network

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FDD
f Att.
MS
Uplink 890 915 935 BS BS

Atteunation f

MS Downlink
960
MHz

Total Band=25 MHz

GSM Network

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FDM
124 Carrier 200KHz apart
Ch1 F=890M+100k Ch2 F=890M+300k Ch124 F=915M-100k

890

915

935 Downlink

960

MHz

Uplink

GSM Network

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FDM
124 Carrier 200KHz apart Ch1 Guard Band F=890 M+100k Channel Spacing 100 KHz Ch2 200 KHz M k
F=890 +300 Ch124 F=915M-100k

890

915

935 Downlink

960

MHz

Uplink

GSM Network

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FDM
124 Carrier 200KHz apart
Ch1(up) F=890M+100k Ch1(Down) F=935M+100k

890

915

935 Downlink

960

MHz

Uplink

GSM Network

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TDMA

Every channel is shared among 8 users There are 124 Carriers each shared among 8 users. A User is assigned a certain time slot on a certain carrier (Cn,TSk)

GSM Network

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(Cn,TSk)
Frame

C0 C1

TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS0 TS1 TS2

t t

TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS0 TS1 TS2

C123

TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS0 TS1 TS2

t
22

f
GSM Network

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(Cn,TSk)
TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS0 TS1 TS2

C12

( C12,TS2 )

GSM Network

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Channels Space (Copy Right)

C0 C1 C2

C3

TS0 TS0 TS0 TS0 TS0 TS0 TS0 TS0 TS0 TS0 TS0 TS0 TS0 TS0 TS0 TS0 TS1 TS1 TS1 TS1 TS1 TS1 TS1 TS1 TS1 TS1 TS1 TS1 TS1 TS1 TS1 TS1 TS2 TS2 TS2 TS2 TS2 TS2 TS2 TS2 TS2 TS2 TS2 TS2 TS2 TS2 TS2 TS2 TS3 TS3 TS3 TS3 TS3 TS3 TS3 TS3 TS3 TS3 TS3 TS3 TS3 TS3 TS3 TS3 TS4 TS4 TS4 TS4 TS4 TS4 TS4 TS4 TS4 TS4 TS4 TS4 TS4 TS4 TS4 TS4 TS5 TS5 TS5 TS5 TS5 TS5 TS5 TS5 TS5 TS5 TS5 TS5 TS5 TS5 TS5 TS5 TS6 TS6 TS6 TS6 TS6 TS6 TS6 TS6 TS6 TS6 TS6 TS6 TS6 TS6 TS6 TS6 TS7 TS7 TS7 TS7 TS7 TS7 TS7 TS7 TS7 TS7 TS7 TS7 TS7 TS7 TS7 TS7

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
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Frame No
24

GSM Network

Channels

Physical Channel:

Its a time slot on any carrier (Cn,TSk). Its a channel mapped on a physical channel to do a certain job

Logical Chaneel:

GSM Network

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Channel Types

Traffic Channels (TCH)

Used after call setup for transmission of speech. Over head channels used for network administration and SMS.

Control Chaneels (CCH)

GSM Network

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Control Channels

Broadcast Channels Common Control Channels Dedicated Channels

GSM Network

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Control Channels

Broadcast Channels Common Control Channels Dedicated Channels

GSM Network

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Control Channels

Broadcast Channels

(FCCH): Frequency Correction Channel

No Data just pure carrier

(SCH): Synchronization Channel

Broadcast Mobile Network Identity Code Broadcast Base Station Identity Code Broadcast Current frame number Broadcast location area Identity Broadcast maximum output power Broadcast C0 of neighboring cells

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(BCCH): Broadcast Control Channel

GSM Network

Control Channels

Broadcast Channels Common Control Channels Dedicated Channels

GSM Network

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Control Channels

Common Control Channels

(PCH): Paging Control Channel

Declare a coming call Used to initiate a call Used to respond to a paging

(RACH): Random Access Channel

(AGCH): Access Grant Channel

Used to assign a dedicated channel for further communication

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GSM Network

Control Channels

Broadcast Channels Common Control Channels Dedicated Channels

GSM Network

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Control Channels

Dedicated Channels

(SDCCH): Stand alone dedicated control Channel

Call setup procedure SMS () Setup power level and time advance () Inform the BS about received power level Stolen for urgent hardover

(SACCH): Slow Associated control Channel

(FACCH): Fast Associated control Channel

GSM Network

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Burst

Its the information contained in one time slot

1 time slot = 0.577 m.sec.

I frame = 8 time slots = 4.615 m.sec.

GSM Network

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Mapping
C0
F

C1
S

C2

C3
B B

f
B B C C C C F S C C C C

D0 D0 D0 D0 D1 D1 D1 D1 D2 D2 D2 D2 D3 D3 D3 D3 T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T S S S S S S T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
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Frame No
35

GSM Network

Mapping
C0
F

C1
S

C2

C3
B B

f
B B C C C C F S C C C C

D0 D0 D0 D0 D1 D1 D1 D1 D2 D2 D2 D2 D3 D3 D3 D3 T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T S S S S S S T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
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Frame No
36

GSM Network

Traffic Multiframe (26 Frames)

12 Traffic bursts 12 Traffic bursts

TTTTTTTTTTTTSTTTTTTTTTTTT I

Its repeated on C0, TS2-7 and all TSs on all other carriers
GSM Network

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Control Multiframe (51 frames)

C0, TS0:
10 bursts 10 bursts 10 bursts

FSBBBBCCCCFSCCCCCCCCFSCCCCCCCC

10 bursts

10 bursts

FSCCCCCCCCFSCCCCCCCC I

GSM Network

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Control Multiframe (51 frames)

C0, TS1:
48 bursts 3 bursts

D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 S0 S1 S2 S3 I
48 bursts 3 bursts

D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 S4 S5 S6 S7 I

D:Stand alone (Call setup SMS ) S:Slow Associated (Power Level-Time Advance)
GSM Network

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TDMA Frame Structure

1 time slot = 15/26 m.sec 1 frame = 8 time slots = 120/26 m.sec. 1 traffic multiframe= 26 frame= 120 m.sec 1 Control multiframe= 51 frame= 235 m.sec 1 Super frame= 51 traffic=26 Control = 1326 frames = 6.12 sec 1 hyperframe= 2048 superframe = 3 hours 28 minutes 53.76 sec
GSM Network

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Bust Types

Normal burst Frequency correction burst

Synchronization burst
Access burst

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GSM Network

Bust Types

Normal burst
Frequency correction burst Synchronization burst Access burst
Flag

Guard interval 1 57 3 8.25

3
Tail Bits

57

26

Encrypted bits

Training Sequence
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GSM Network

Bust Types

Normal burst
Frequency correction burst Synchronization burst Access burst
3 142
All Zero Pattern

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Guard interval 3 8.25

Tail Bits
GSM Network

Bust Types

Normal burst
Frequency correction burst Synchronization burst Access burst
3 39 64
Training Sequence

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Guard interval 39 3 8.25

Tail Bits

Encrypted bits

GSM Network

Bust Types

Normal burst
Frequency correction burst Synchronization burst Access burst
8 41
Training Sequence

Guard interval 36 3 68.25

Tail Bits

Encrypted bits
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GSM Network

Notes

C0 is called the beacon and is transmitted with the maximum available power in the cell. There is a 3 time slots time shift between the uplink and the downlink, this simplify the circuits and enable using one antenna and a duplexer.
TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7

TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 GSM Network

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