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Batteries
Batteries store electrical energy that we use to power diesel equipment Batteries store electrons chemically They contain lead plates, sulfuric acid, and a plastic case Sulfuric acid reacts with all metals, causing corrosion
Battery Types
Automotive
Designed to only power motors for a short time (starter), then be recharged Completely draining will damage them
Deep Cycling
Designed for powering electric motors where they are completely drained then recharged Stronger design More expensive
Side Terminal
Used in newer cars
L Terminal
Used in heavy trucks and equipment
Battery Ratings
Batteries are rated 4 ways:
CCA (Cold Cranking Amps) CA (Cranking Amps) RC (Reserve Capacity) AH (Ampere Hour)
CCA
Cold Cranking Amps Indicates the ability of a battery to deliver a specified current at a low temperature. It is determined by the amount of current a fully charged battery can supply for 30 seconds at 0F without the voltage falling below 7.2 Volts
CA
Cranking Amps This is the same test as the CCA rating, except it is at a higher temperature (32F instead of 0F)
RC
Reserve Capacity It determines the time in minutes a vehicle can be driven after the charging system fails The length of time a fully charged battery (at 80F) can supply 25 Amps before the voltage falls below 10.5 Volts
AH
Ampere Hour The amount of current a fully charged battery (at 80F) can supply for 20 hours without having the voltage fall below 10.5 Volts
Corrosion
Corrosion causes many battery failures Corrosion causes a barrier between the battery post and the cable When there is a barrier, no electrons can flow Even though the battery is fully charged, current will not flow
Eliminating Corrosion
Wash the top of the battery with hot water until all the corrosion is gone Remove the negative cable, then the positive cable Clean the positive post with a battery cleaning brush, then the battery cable The corrosion is gone when the post and cable are shiny
Eliminating Corrosion 2
Connect the positive cable to the battery Clean the negative post and cable until clean Reconnect the cable to the battery Many anticorrosion products are available to prevent corrosion
Checking Electrolyte
There should be a mixture of 36% sulfuric acid and 64% water in the battery You can measure using a hydrometer It measures the weight of the mixture
Checking Electrolyte 2
Remove covers from battery (if equipped) Squeeze the bulb Lower tube into the electrolyte Draw into the hydrometer Record reading Slowly release electrolyte into battery Do Not Splash Electrolyte!!!
Hydrometer Measurements
Pure water reads 1.000 on a hydrometer A reading of 1.270 means the battery is fully charged (36% water, 24% H2SO4) A dead battery will read 1.100 (less than 15% H2SO4)
Hydrometer Measurements 2
When you measure the specific gravity (weight) of each cell, they must all be within 50% of each other
1.28 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.2 1.18 1.16 1.14 1.12 1.1 1.08 Level Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell 1 2 3 4 5 6
VAT-40 Connections
Load Testing
Turn the Load Increase control until the ammeter reads 3 times the amphour (AH) rating or one-half the coldcranking ampere (CCA) rating Hold that reading for 15 seconds Read voltmeter A good battery will read at or above 9.6 volts Battery should be at 70F
Do the
same with the positive post and cable
Jumping a Battery
Make sure the vehicles are not touching each other Make sure when connecting the leads they are clear of any rotating parts