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Definition
Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle
(myocardium)
It resembles a heart attack but coronary arteries are not
blocked
Myocarditis is most often due to the infection by 1- Common viruses, such as Parvovirus B19 2- Non-viral pathogens (less commonly)
response to drugs
The definition of myocarditis varies, but the central
feature is an infection of the heart, with an inflammatory infiltrate, and damage to the heart muscle, without the blockage of coronary arteries that define a heart attack (myocardial infarction) or other common non-infectious causes.
of heart tissue
It may include Dilated cardiomyopathy Dilated cardiomyopathy or DCM is a condition in which the heart becomes weakened and enlarged, and cannot pump blood efficiently The decreased heart function can affect the lungs, liver, and other body systems
Histopathological image of myocarditis at autopsy in a patient with acute onset of congestive heart failure due to viral infection.
cardiac myosin
Causes of Myocarditis
In Europe and North America, viruses are common cause
of myocarditis
Worldwide, however, the most common cause is Chagas
disease, an illness endemic to Central and South America that is due to infection by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi
Transmission of trypanosomiasis occurs when the Winged
bug of the genus Triatoma deposits feces on the skin surface and subsequently bites; the human host then contaminating the bite area, with infected feces
Triatoma infestans
disease of humans
blood, and an amastigote found in tissues localized swelling at the site of entry
The acute form usually goes unnoticed and may present as a In the chronic stage, 10 to 20 years after infection, the parasite
infection. Mild symptoms can include fever, fatigue , headache, rash, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and vomiting
of the liver or spleen, swollen glands, and local swelling (a chagoma) where the parasite entered the body
system, digestive system, and heart
The symptomatic chronic stage affects the nervous About two thirds of people with chronic symptoms have cardiac
damage, including dilated cardiomyopathy, which causes heart rhythm abnormalities and may result in sudden death
Romaa's sign, the swelling of the child's eyelid, is a marker of acute Chagas disease. The swelling is due to bug feces being accidentally rubbed into the eye, or because the bite wound was on the same side of the child's face as the swelling. Photo courtesy of WHO/TDR.
causative agent, is usually minor and self-limiting but can have serious or fatal effects on a fetus whose mother first contracts the disease during pregnancy or on an immunocompromised human