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PowerPoint Slides developed by Martin Wolfger and Michael James Ivy Tech Community College-Bloomington
Defining Development
The science of human development
seeks to understand how and why peopleall kinds of people, everywhere, of every agechange over time.
(also called respondent conditioning), a process in which a person or animal learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a meaningful stimulus, gradually reacting to the neutral stimulus with the same response as to the meaningful one.
(also called instrumental conditioning) a learning process in which a particular action is followed either by something desired (which makes the person or animal more likely to repeat the action) or by something unwanted (which makes the action less likely to be repeated).
An extension of behaviorism that emphasizes the influence that other people have over a persons behavior. Modeling- people learn by observing other people and then copying them. Self-efficacy- (how effective people think they are when it comes to changing themselves or altering their social context.
Longitudinal Research
Collecting data repeatedly on the same individuals as they age.
Cross-sequential Research
Study several groups of people of different ages (a cross-sectional approach) and follow them over the years (a longitudinal approach).
Ethics
Each academic discipline and professional society involved in the study of human development has a code of ethics.
Researchers must ensure that participation is voluntary, confidential, and harmless. Subjects (participants in research) must give informed consent- they must understand the research procedures and any risks involved.