Group 17 Elements

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Group 17 Elements

Consists non-metals elements which are known as Halogen. Exist as Diatomic molecules

Fluorine, F

Chlorine, Cl

Astatine, At Iodine, I

Bromine, Br

Very low melting points and boiling points

Do not conduct electricity

Physical Properties of Group 17 Elements

Exist as diatomic molecules at room conditions Low Density

Pungent smell and are poisonous

Fluorine

Chlorine

Bromine

Iodine

Astatine

Physical Properties of Group 17 Elements

Atomic Melting Boiling Halogen Mass Point Point Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine 18.998 35.453 79.904 126.90 53.53 171.6 265.8 386.85 85.03 239.11 332.0 457.4 Electronegativity) 3.98 3.16 2.96 2.66 Physical state at room temperature Pale yellow Greenish-yellow gas

Reddish-brown liquid
Purplish-black solid

Astatine

(210)

575

610 ?

2.2

Change in physical properties down the group

Atomic radius or size of atom increases Melting point and boiling point of elements increases

Brief explanation
The number of shells of the atom increases. Atomic radius or atomic size increases down the group. Forces of attraction between particles also increases. More heat energy is needed to overcome the forces of attraction between these particles. Mass of atom increase Atomic size increases down the group Forces of attraction between molecules also increase Ability to receive electrons decreases down the group.

Density of elements increases.

Existence of physical states of elements which are different at room conditions Electronegativity decreases

Chemical Properties of Group 17 Elements

Element Electron arrangement 2.7 2.8.7 2.8.18.7 2.8.8.18.7 2.8.18.32.18.7 Number of valence electrons 7 7 7 7 7

Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine

Table: Arrangement of electrons of Group 17 elements.

Arrangement of electrons of Group 17 elements.

2.7

2.8.7

2.8.18.7

2.8.18.18.7

2.8.18.32.18.7

Chemical Properties of Group 17 Elements

Halogen elements such as chlorine, bromine and iodine show similar chemical properties when reacting with Water Iron Sodium hydroxide solution

Because they have the same number of valence electrons which is 7 electrons at the outermost shell.

The reactivity of halogens decreases down the group because:

The atomic size increases down the group

The distance of the outermost shell becomes further from the nucleus
The force of attraction of the nucleus on the electrons of the outermost shell decreases The tendency of an atom to receive an electron to achieve an octet electron arrangement decreases F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 Decreasing reactivity At2

Safety precautions in handlings Group 17 elements

Halogens are elements which are very poisonous and corrosive

Chlorine gas and bromine vapour cause breathing difficulties and death if inhaled in large quantities.
Bromine vapour can cause dizziness, nausea and burns on skin. Thus, halogens must be handled with care: perform the experiment in a fume chamber do not inhale halogen gas or vapour do not touch halogens with bare hands ( wear gloves) wear safety goggles when handling halogens.