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WAN Connection Types There are three types of Wan Connectivity :

Dedicated Lines

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Dedicated Lines Used for shorter to medium distances and for longer connectivity. Private line

Bandwidth is fixed
Line is 24hrs up If you use it or if you dont use it you have to pay money eg: Leased Lines
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Circuit Switching Used for medium to longer distances and for shorter connectivity. Bandwidth is fixed

Whatever you use you have to pay money for it.

(Billing Depends upon the Usage) eg: ISDN , PSTN (Dial Up connections)

Packet Switching Used for medium to longer distances and for longer connectivity. Bandwidth is shared

eg: Frame-Relay

Encapsulation PPP Point to Point Protocol (works with same and different company Routers i.e. Cisco Nortel, CiscoMulticom. Supports Authentication Supports Compression HDLC High level Data link Control Protocol (works with same company Router only, i.e. Cisco-Cisco, Nortel-Nortel, etc.) No Support for Authentication No Support for

Open Standard Protocol Vendor proprietary

Commpression
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PPP Authentication In PPP two types of Authentication :

PAP - Password Authentication Protocol

2 Way Handshaking protocol Username and password are sent in clear text No Security CHAP- Challenge Handshake Authentication protocol 3 Way Handshaking protocol Username is sent in clear text and Password in encrypted form

Secure
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Public Switched Telephone Network Analog Signal Maximum Speed for 33 to 40 Kbps Call Establishment is Slower (minimum 1 minute)

Terminated & PSTN Switch at Exchange

Supports Single services at a time.

Integrated Services Digital Network Digital Signal Minimum Speed for 128 Kbps Call Establishment is faster (within 2 sec)

Terminated & ISDN Switch at Exchange

Supports Multiple services at a time.

ISDN Types BRI Basic Rate Interface

- (2B + 1D) channels

- Each channel 64 kbps - B channel used for data transmission - D Channel used for signaling(16kbps) - (2* 64) + (1 * 16) = 144kbps - B standards for Bearer - D standards for Delta

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ISDN Types PRI Primary Rate Interface

2 Standards :
European Standard (E1) - 30B + 1D channels - (30*64) + (1*64) = 2.048Mbps US Standard (T1) - 23B + 1D channels - (23*64) + ( 1*64) = 1.544Mbps

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ISDN Connectivity
ISDN SWITCH

S/T Cable
BRI0

NT1
ISDN Service Provider Network
PC

E0 192.168.1.150

TA
Fax
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24

Phone

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Dial on Demand Routing Connection is Automated connection is established when ever a request comes to the router and disconnection is done using Idle-Timeout All these configurations are to be made on the router Interesting Traffic is identified using Dialer List

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Network Address Translation Translates Private addresses to Public and Public addresses to Private. Allows Communication from the private world to the

public world and not vice versa.

Used for internet sharing

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ISDN for Internet Configuration BRI interface configurations

Authentication
Dialer commands ISDN Switch Type NAT Access-List

Routing Protocol
Misc. Commands Troubleshooting commands
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