Weld Joint Geometry and

Welding Symbols

Types of welds
Groove welds
Welding Technology
Lee Co. ATC
Images compliments of
the American Welding Society
Types of Welds

• Numerous welds can be applied to

the various types of joints
• Considerations when choosing joint
geometry and weld types:
– accessibility to the joint for welding
– type of welding process being used
– suitability to the structural design
– cost of welding
Types of Welds

• There are nine categories of welds

associated with weld symbols
– Groove welds
– Fillet Welds
– Plug or Slot welds
– Stud welds
– Spot or projection welds
– Seam welds
– Back Or Backing welds
– Surfacing welds
– Flange Welds
Types of Welds
Groove Welds
• A groove weld is “ a weld made in a
groove between the work pieces”
• There are eight types of groove welds
– Square-groove
– Scarf
– V-groove
– Bevel-groove
– U-groove
– J-groove
– Flare-v-groove
– Flare-bevel-groove
Groove Welds
Square and double
square-groove welds

• Square-groove welds are the most

economical to use, but are limited by
thickness of the members
• Welds for one side are normally limited to a
1/4 inch or less
 Groove Welds
V-and double V-groove
welds

•With thicker materials joint accessibility

must be provided for welding to ensure weld
soundness and strength
 Groove Welds
Bevel- and double-bevel-
groove welds

Bevel- and J- groove welds are more difficult to weld than V- or U- groove welds
•
Bevel welds are easier in horizontal
•
 Types of Welds
U-groove and Double U-
groove
• Welds in using J- and
U-grooves can be
used to minimize weld
metal
• These welds are very
useful in thicker
sections
 Groove Welds
J-and double-J-groove
• welds
J-groove are more
difficult to weld
because of the one
vertical side
(except in
horizontal)
• J-and U- are used
when economic
factors outweigh
the cost of edge
preparation
 Groove Welds
flare-bevel and flare-v-
groove welds
• Flare -bevel and
flare-v-groove
welds are used in
connection with
flanged or
rounded member
Groove Welds
Scarf
• Scarf is used for
brazing
 Groove Welds
• Their names imply what the actual
configurations look like when viewed in a
cross section
• Single groove welds are welded from only
one side
• Double groove welds are welded on both
sides
• Groove welds in many combinations are
used selection is influenced by
accessibility, economy, adaptation to
structural design