TRUSSES

PROF. V. KALYANARAMAN
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036

email: kalyan@civil.iitm.ernet.in
TRUSSES Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

TRUSSES
OUTLINE

Introduction
Loads Analysis Truss Configurations Truss Members Joints Design Economy Composite Trusses Summary

TRUSSES

Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

INTRODUCTION
APPLICATIONS

Planar Truss

SPACE TRUSS

Truss Bridge
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Braced Frame
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Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

INTRODUCTION

TRUSSES

Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

INTRODUCTION

TRUSSES

Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

INTRODUCTION

TRUSSES

Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

INTRODUCTION

TRUSSES

Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

INTRODUCTION

TRUSSES

Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

INTRODUCTION

TRUSSES

Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

ANALYSIS
Levels of modeling
System modeling
Plane Truss Space Truss

Joint modeling
Joint eccentricity & Joint rigidity

Member modeling
Axially loaded & Beam Columns

Effect of Secondary Stresses

Statically Loaded -- Cyclically loaded system
TRUSSES Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

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ANALYSIS
Levels of Analysis
Static Analysis
Hinge jointed trusses / Rigid Jointed Frames

Stability Analysis
Member Instability / System Instability

Non-Linear Analysis
Material Non-Linearity / Geometric Non-Linearity

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CONFIGURATIONS
Pitched Roof Trusses
Pratt Truss
Howe Truss

Fink Truss

Fan Truss

(e) Fink Fan Truss

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(f) Mansard Truss

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CONFIGURATIONS
Parallel Chord Trusses
Warren

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CONFIGURATIONS
Parallel Chord Trusses

N - Type

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Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

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CONFIGURATIONS
Parallel Chord Trusses

Diamond

K - type
TRUSSES Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

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CONFIGURATIONS
Trapezoidal Trusses

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Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

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SECTIONS USED

Light

Heavy

Built-UP

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Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

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JOINTS

Gusset Plates

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Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

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DESIGN
Design Considerations
Tension Members
Yielding of gross section Ultimate stress at net section

Compression Members
Instability Considerations
Construction Stage Service Stage

TRUSSES

Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

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DESIGN
Slenderness Ratio Limitation
Member type
Members under compression under loads other than wind/ earthquake load Tension members - stress reversal due to loads other than wind load

Max. /r limit
180 180 250

Members normally under tension have to resist compression under wind

Members designed only for tension even though they may experience stress reversal 350 Members always under tension (unless pre-tensioned to avoid sag)
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400
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Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

COMPOSITE TRUSSES
Shear studs

Concrete deck slab

Top Chord Web Diagonals

Steel truss

Bottom Chord

TRUSSES

Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

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COMPOSITE TRUSSES
Sections
Angles T - Sections RHS

Rod

TRUSSES

Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

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COMPOSITE TRUSSES
Member Forces
Xt
Rt D
s

Xc/ 2

Rc

Dt

Steel truss

Composite truss

Xb

Rb

TRUSSES

Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

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ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
Usually material requirement is least Fabrication cost is higher per unit wt.
Minimise joining material requirements Shop & field fabrication facilities available Preferred fabrication & past experiences Transportation requirements & constraints Repetitive fabrication facility

Synergy in composite trusses

Compared to all steel construction Composite Construction 20 - 40 % lighter Composite Truss 20 % further lighter Composite trusses economical by about 15%

TRUSSES

Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

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SUMMARY
In Indian Practice Steel Trusses & Composite trusses hold great promise For economical design

Thank you for your attention

TRUSSES

Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

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