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9C Photosynthesis matters
Brian started with bare soil and a packet of seeds. Now he has tomatoes for his family all summer.
The tomatoes contain lots of chemicals that were not there at the start. Where have they come from?
Whats the role of the Sun in helping the tomatoes grow?
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sunlight
TO AIR OR USED FOR RESPIRATION PRODUCT
oxygen
What are the products of the reaction? What happens to the products?
photosynthesis
glucose
PRODUCT USED BY PLANT
water
REACTANT FROM SOIL
oxygen oxygen carbon dioxide dioxide carbon from the the air air from
Glucose is a sugar. But a plant is not just sugar! It makes lots of other chemicals so it can grow.
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Starch is one chemical that a plant makes. A potato stores starch. How does the starch get there, when glucose is made in the leaf?
9C All mixed up
Match the reactants with their products to complete the word equations. Respiration oxygen + sugar carbon dioxide + water
oxygen + sugar
carbon dioxide
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sugar
water
oxygen
9C Faster photosynthesis
How fast does a plant photosynthesise? This question is very important to farmers and growers.
We can use this apparatus to measure the rate of photosynthesis. How?
oxygen collects light source test tube water
We might count the oxygen bubbles per minute, or collect the gas given off in one minute and measure its volume. What would happen if we increased the light level?
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9C Faster photosynthesis
high
medium low
22
15 7
very low
What effect does light have on the rate of photosynthesis? What would happen if we put a layer of oil on the water? This stops carbon dioxide from the air dissolving in the water.
9C Photosynthesis myths?
True or false?
1. Plants 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Photosynthesis Roots Plants carry make look give green out out food carbon only half and from because the respiration happens oxygen dioxide photosynthesis they in when and work contain thesunlight. light. they in opposite that the are chemical takes chlorophyll. directions. place photosynthesising. in a healthy oak tree.
TRUE! Photosynthesis FALSE! Without Plants They take are need light vital energy, carbon to produces theall the dioxide plant reactions glucose but from roots and the of cannot air Chlorophyll absorbs the colours in light in carbon dioxide. Oxygen is
oxygen, photosynthesis and carry water out while photosynthesis from respiration cannot the soil work. to breaks build theyre sugars. them except green we see the green light produced by photosynthesis. down Oxygen underground to make isis produced carbon in the dark. in dioxide photosynthesis. and water. because it reflected from the plant.
9C Food factories
Plants are food factories! They are adapted to carry out photosynthesis quickly. How does this help them? Most photosynthesis happens in the leaves. Can you give three ways in which these leaves are adapted to be food factories?
Chloroplasts use light to make sugar. Where would you put these to make the most of the light?
Photosynthesis needs carbon dioxide. How does this gas get into the leaf?
Photosynthesis needs water. How can you get it into the leaf?
If youre a dynamite designer, you should have a food-making factory that looks something like this:
tightly packed palisade cells full of chloroplasts
spongy mesophyll with air spaces so gases can move around
veins to bring water up from the roots, and also take sugar back down to the roots for storage
9C Quiz
2. Stomata are...
a) holes in a leaf that can open and close to let gases in and out b) the cells that carry out photosynthesis c) small stones found in your stomach.
9C Quiz
3. Leaves are covered with a thin waterproof layer called the a) popsicle b) cuticle c) waxicle. 4. Leaves have a large surface area to... a) increase the rate of reactions b) catch the maximum amount of sunlight c) look pretty in parks and gardens.
9C Quiz
5. Palisade mesophyll is in the upper part of the leaf because a) it needs to capture as much sunlight as possible b) the lower areas were already full c) it stops the upper surface from collapsing.
6. Spongy mesophyll has large air spaces between the cells to...
a) allow veins into the leaf b) cut down the amount of cellulose needed to build new cell walls c) give room for gases to move more easily.
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respiration
energy released
How do these energy twins work together to keep our atmosphere in balance? Where would we be without sunlight and green plants?
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All of our food comes originally from plants. Thats true even if you only eat steak! Why? Many powerful drugs come from plants. Aspirin first came from the bark of willow trees. Powerful new anti-cancer drugs are made from yew trees. Wood, hay and bamboo are used all over the world for building. Linen and cotton are both fabrics made from plants. What else can we get from plants?
Rainforests are very complex ecosystems. Scientists estimate that thousands of unknown species live there.
But the people living in rainforests need to live now. They cut down the trees for building and furniture. They grow crops on the land, but this destroys the soil.
9C Rainforest answers?
Local people need money. They need to harvest the forests now.
Most of the money is earned by a few rich companies. The people who live in the forests get nothing and they lose their homes. How many future lifesaving drugs have we already lost from the rainforests? How many unknown species have we made extinct?
People in the rich world cut down all of their forests centuries ago they cant tell people in the developing world not to do the same!