Divergent boundary

Divergent boundary
Divergent boundary: this is where the plates separate and move apart. They often form a rift zone. Most are located on the oceanic floor where new seafloor is created at the separating edges. One example is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

 As shown in the drawing above, when Earth's brittle surface layer (the lithosphere) is pulled apart, it typically breaks along parallel faults that tilt slightly outward from each other. As the plates separate along the boundary, the block between the faults cracks

 The sinking of the block forms a central valley called a rift. Magma (liquid rock) seeps upward to fill the cracks. In this way, new crust is formed along the boundary.

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge in Iceland Near the equator, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is divided into the North Atlantic Ridge and the South Atlantic Ridge by the Romanche Trench

Lake Baikal To its west is the Eurasian Plate and the Siberian platform and to its east is the Amur Plate which is moving away from the rift toward Japan at about 4 mm per year.

Transform-Fault Boundaries:
Transform-Fault Boundaries are where two plates are sliding horizontally past one another. These are also known as transform boundaries or more commonly as faults. Most transform faults are found on the ocean floor. They commonly offset active spreading ridges, producing zig-zag plate margins, and are generally defined by shallow earthquakes.

Example:
The San Andreas fault zone in California is a transform fault that connects the East Pacific Rise, a divergent boundary to the south, with the South Gorda -- Juan de Fuca -- Explorer Ridge, another divergent boundary to the north. The San Andreas is one of the few transform faults exposed on land.

 A map of East Africa showing some of the historically active volcanoes (as red triangles) and the Afar Triangle (shaded at the center), which is a so-called triple junction (or triple point) where three plates are pulling away from one another: the Arabian Plate and two parts of the African Platethe Nubian and Somalisplitting along the East African Rift Zone.

 Transform faults are commonly found linking segments of mid-oceanic ridges or spreading centers. These mid-oceanic ridges are where new sea floor is constantly created through the up welling of new basaltic magma. With new sea floor being pushed and pulled out, the older sea floor slowly slides away from the midoceanic ridges toward the continents. Although separated only by tens of kilometers, this separation between segments of the ridges causes portions of the sea floor to push past each other in opposing directions. This lateral movement of sea floors past each other is where transform faults are currently active.

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxPTLmg0 ZCw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRUHNR G3cYU