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Cancer develops only in cells with damaged genes (mutations). Mutations can be inherited or caused by exposure to: Low-dose radiation Drugs Toxic chemicals Infection with certain viruses can cause mutations. Lifestyle plays a major role in cancer prevention.
Lung Cancer
Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of various cancers. 30% of cancer deaths, including 87% of lung cancer deaths, are attributed to tobacco use. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Smoking cigarettes is most common cause. Women are more susceptible to lung cancer than men due to presence of the GRPR gene, which is linked to the abnormal growth of lung cells and is more active in women.
For people who do not use tobacco, diet, and physical activity are the most important modifiable determinants of cancer risk. Ex. Colorectal (3rd most deadly cancer in U.S.)
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer occurs primarily in women. Signs and symptoms involve changes in breast tissue: Risk factors Family history
Rare before age 20 Risk increases throughout the 20s Rises dramatically during the 30s through mid-70s (majority or cases occur in women 40 and over) Drops significantly after mid-70s
Cervical Cancer
A causal association exists between infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer. Causes genital warts Is sexually transmitted Risk of infection increases with an increased number of sexual partners and/or non-monogamous partners Women who became sexually active before age 17 have higher risk
The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends that all women should have annual Pap tests three years after their first vaginal intercourse but not later than age 21.
UVA is associated with sunburn, skin cancer formation, and premature aging effects.
Skin Cancer
Related to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun as well as tanning beds. Three types of UV radiation: UVA, UVB, and UVC. All types are harmful and have potential to cause skin cancer. UVA is associated with sunburn, skin cancer formation, and premature aging effects.
Prevention
Limit sun exposure Use sunscreens Where protective clothing when exposed to sunlight Avoid artificial sources of UV light (i.e., tanning beds)