International

business

consists

of

transactions that are devised and carried out across national borders to satisfy the objectives of individuals, companies, and organizations.

International business:
causes the flow of ideas, services, and capital across

the world offers consumers new choices permits the acquisition of a wider variety of products facilitates the mobility of labor, capital, and technology provides challenging employment opportunities reallocates resources, makes preferential choices, and shifts activities to a global level

Physical and societal factors: Political policies and legal practices Cultural factors Economic forces Geographical influences Competitive factors Major advantage in price, marketing, innovation, or other factors. Number and comparative capabilities of competitors Competitive differences by country

 International

trade is exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are all having a major impact on the international trade system

Industrialization,advanced

Total world trade declined dramatically after 2000, but is again on the rise.

The rate of globalization is accelerating.

Regionalization is taking place, resulting in trading blocs. The participation of countries in world trade is shifting.

An uncontrollable environment will negatively affect any organizations efforts whatever they might be.

Types of environment:o Internal o external

Management Manpower Machine Material money

Types Of external environment:o Political forces o Legal forces o Economic forces o Competitive forces o Level of technology o Geography and infrastructure o Cultural forces

A multinational corporation (MNC) or enterprise (MNE), is a corporation or an enterprise that manages production or delivers services in more than one country. It can also be referred to as an international corporation. The International Labor Organization (ILO) has defined an MNC as a corporation that has its management headquarters in one country, known as the home country, and operates in several other countries, known as host countries.

Globalization is a business concept involving a global strategy that enables a company to have a worldwide plan for products, marketing, manufacturing, logistics, and R&D

global company must have a business delivery

system that is highly sensitive to local customer

needs and able to support local customers with equal degrees of excellence.

international economics

finance that

is

the the

branch

of

studies

dynamics

of exchange rates, foreign investment, and how

these affect international trade. It also studies international projects, international investments and capital flows, and trade deficits.

Foreign Exchange Convertibility of Currency

Institutions of International Finance

International finance

Foreign Exchange Market structure and functions.

World Bank and IMF

institutions of World Trade - UNCTAD & WTO

International marketing (IM) or global marketing refers to marketing carried out by companies overseas or across national borderlines. It refers to the firm-level marketing practices across the border including market identification and targeting, entry mode selection, marketing mix, and strategic decisions to compete in international markets.

Blend of the mix depends upon: Marketing objectives Type of product Target market Market structure Rivals behaviour Global issues culture/religion, etc. Marketing position Product portfolio

Human Resource Development International promotes all aspects of practice and research that explore issues of individual, group and organizational learning and performance.

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