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AP Biology Summer Assignment

Pictures taken on 8/12
Vocabulary Photography Component By: Jacob Allison

Ectotherm(ic)
Snakes, such as the one pictured, are cold-blooded animals. The snake is able to use its environment to regulate temperature. A cold-blooded (A.K.A. an ectotherm) animal is an animal that cannot regulate its own body temperature

Deciduous Leaf
Deciduous Trees are trees that lose their leaves once a year unlike their opposites Evergreens. This tree is considered deciduous. To prepare for the cold months of winter it will shed its leaves due to the inability to maintain its water balance. The tree will then enter a dormant period.

8/12/13

Stem - Herbaceous

The Stems in the picture are herbaceous, meaning they are able to photosynthesize. These stems are bendable and soft. The stems of this plant are important because they hold up the plant and its leaves allowing it to survive. 8/12/13

Stem - Woody

A trunk to a tree can also be referred to as a woody stem. The woody stem is different from the herbaceous stem in that it is tougher in structure, it is made of wood, and it has more protection (bark). Woody stems are associated with some of the worlds largest plants.

Thorn of a Plant

The thorn bush pictured has many thorns. The bush uses these to protect itself. The thorns are sharp and designed to keep away animals or predators. The thorns are pointy and sharp causing pain to anything that touches the plant.

R-Strategist

The weed in the picture is considered an r-strategist. RStrategists maximize the number of offspring produced in order to have as many survivors as possible. After the organism is produced the rstrategists have little to no parental contribution.

Rhizomes

In the picture are roots to a plant. (Also known as Rhizomes) Roots are rhizomes because they continuously grow and branch out, allowing the plant to thrive.

Radial Symmetry

These flowers demonstrate radial symmetry. Radial symmetry in nature is when a plant has perfect symmetry. The symmetry revolves around a center focal point. Radial Symmetry is appealing to pollinators.

Pteridophyte

The fern above is an example of Pteridophyte. Ferns are the most common example of this. It occurs when there is plant division that contains xylem and phloem, but lack flowers and seeds. Instead of flowers and seeds they are called vascular cryptogams.

Parasite

The scab on my ankle resulted from a mosquito bite. Mosquitos arent necessarily considered parasites, but parasites live in the salivary glands of the mosquito, which release when it bites.

Lichen

This bark has started growing a green fungus. This fungus is a layer of Lichen. Lichen is the result of a symbiotic relationship between fungus and green algae. Lichen usually grows in unusual places Ex: on the bark of trees.

K- Strategist

Samuel Pate is a K-strategist due to the fact that he is human. All humans are Kstrategists due to the long life expectancy, their long juvenile development, the possibility of children and reproduction. Another example of a Kstrategist is a whale.

Heartwood

The piece of wood I'm holding in the picture contains heartwood. It is in the very center of the wood. It is made up of dead cells and is very resistant to decay. It provides structure for the wood/tree and is essential for its survival.

Gymnosperm

This pine tree is a Gymnosperm. Gymnosperm means naked-seen. Gmnosperms produce leaves like no other plants and are coniferous (able to withstand extreme weather conditions). The leaves are usually thick and pointy.

My Phone didnt back up this picture, will have original by the 2nd week.

Endotherm

Maggie is an example of an endothermic being, meaning that her body naturally maintains and regulates temperature. She does not need her surrounding environment like an ectotherm does. All mammals are endotherms.

Stamen

This shows the stamen of the flower. The Stamen is the reproduction organ of the flower. It has two parts: the stalk and the anther used for pollen. The pollen grains on the anther are a basic building block of reproduction. The stamen is the part sticking out in the middle of the flower.

Angiosperm

An angiosperm is a flowering plant that produces seeds in an ovary. Angiosperms are split into two categories dicots and monocots. The picture shows the plentiful amount of seeds that Angiosperms produce.

Frond

Fronds are leaves from ferns or cycads with multiple divided leaflets. This plant in my basement is an example of a frond because its leaves are segmented.

Pollinator

A pollinator is a biological being that transports pollen from flower to flower. If you look closely at the picture you can see the insect that is pollinating the flower. The process of pollination is vital to the fertilization and reproduction of the plant.

Genetically Modified Organism

A Genetically Modified Organism is an organism that has added artificial genes. Watermelons are genetically modified to not have black seeds in them. Non-genetically modified watermelons contain black seeds.

Fermentation

Fermentation is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohols and carbon dioxide using yeast. This process can convert juice into wine and grain into beer. This process can enrich diets and eliminate antinutrients. Wine is a prime example of fermentation.

Flower Ovary

Pictured here is the flower ovary. The ovay is the enlarged portion of the pistil, the female organ of the flower. Ovules are found in the ovary which develop into seeds that help in fertilization.

Lipid used for Energy Storage

This butter is considered a lipid. A lipid is a fatty organic compound insoluble to polar solvents. Their biological function is mainly energy storage. Butter for example is broken down in your body and used later for energy.

Insect

An insect is a small arthropod animal that has six legs and generally one or two pairs of wings This close up of this fly is a prime example of an insect.

Conifer leaf

A conifer leaf is a leaf that is mostly needle or scale leaved. This picture is from an evergreen bush. This bushes leaves are needle-like and are able to survive harsh weather conditions.

Adaptation of an Animal

This picture demonstrates adaptation of an animal because a dog makes certain adaptations with its whiskers and its fur. Its fur is an adaptation impacted by the weather. Its whiskers are an adaptation that allow it to feel its way around.

Adaptation of a plant

This thorn bush is an example of an adaptation of a plant because its thorns are an adaptation that allow it to protect itself from harm from predators.

Autotrophs

An autotroph is a living organism that is able to create energy and food for itself using natural resources such as sunlight. Plants with green leaves are autotrophs because they use a process called photosynthesis to create energy and food for themselves.

Genetic Variation Within a Population

This picture demonstates Genetic Vartiation within a population. This occurs when there are small differences in the population of an organism. As you can see here the flowers genetically vary because some have genes that make the flower white and then the one has a genetic variation making it pink.

Exoskeleton

The lobster in this picture demonstrates an exoskeleton. An exoskeleton is an outside structure of an animal that protects and supports. Invertebrates such as this lobster have exoskeletons.

Phloem

A phloem is a living tissue that carries organic nutrients everywhere the plant needs it. Vascular plants such as trees are phloems.

Cuticle layer of a plant

This photo demonstates the cuticle layer of a plant. The cuticle layer is the waxy part that helps to protect the leaves. This leaf shown here clearly has a cuticle layer.

Glycogen

This photo shows you Glycogen. Glycogen is the storage form of glucose which is sugar. Glycogen is usually stored in the liver and muscles of an organism.

Hermaphrodites

A hermaphrodite is an organism that has both male and female reproductive systems. This snail is an example of a hermaphrodite. Other examples would be earthworms and slugs.

Basidiomycete

Basidiomycetes produce spores that form outside what is called the basidium, which is a structure that is "pedestal-like". Mushrooms are basidiomycetes as a well as any other fungi with pores.

Epithelial tissue

This is a picture of my skin. Epithelial tissue is tissue that covers organs and controls secretion, absorption, protection, and stimuli. Skin does all of these functions.

Calvin Cycle

The Calvin cycle is a series of reactions that take place in the stroma during photosynthesis. Because this tree is definitely going through photosynthesis, it is going through the Calvin cycle as well.

C4 Plant

Corn is a great example of a C4 Plant. C4 plants bond COinto 4 carbon atoms before starting the Calvin cycle. Because of corn doing this it is able to grow in hot temperatures, intense sunlight, and even sometimes drought.

Amniotic egg

This egg is an amniotic egg. An amniotic egg has yolk in it to feed the new organism. The egg grows inside an amniote and is made of calcium of is leathery. Bird eggs are also a great example of amniotic eggs.

Cambium

This is a pine tree living in my backyard. It is an example of Cambium. Cambium is a plant tissue that is a thin layer of the plant and forms new xylem cells on one side and phloem cells on the other. It is present in the group of plants called gymnosperms (which includes pine trees.)

Eukaryote

This is a flower on my front porch. It is an example of a Eukaryote (organisms with a nucleus that contain their DNA in chromosomes). They include plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

Auxin producing area of a plant

This plant in my moms garden has a new shooting bud on the tip. Here is where auxin is produced. Auxin is a hormone produced by plants in areas where a new shoot is growing. This is seen in the picture.

Endosperm

A simple definition of an endosperm is that it is seed tissue or the tissue produced inside the seed. The popcorn seeds illustrated in this picture contain endosperms. Another example of an endosperm would be barley, used for the production of beer.

Xylem

Xylem is the system of tubes and transport cells that circulates water and minerals throughout a living organism. Trees contain xylem that help the tree to sustain life. The rings seen in the picture are xylem.

Ethylene

Ethylene is an important natural plant hormone, used in agriculture to force the ripening of fruits. The peppers in my moms garden contain ethylene, helping them ripen to their full potential.

Meristem

The stem of this Jalapeno pepper is a meristem. A meristem is the tissue that contains meristematic cells that are found in zones where growth can take place. In this pepper the meristem allows the cells of the pepper to multiply and grow from the stem.

Prokaryote

A prokaryote is any type of common bacteria, some being good and some bad. When we get a cut, we use antibiotic cream to kill the bad bacteria that cause infections.

Niche

A niche is a specific area in which an animal inhabits. My dogs niche is in my house because it is a house pet. She is able to be comfortable in the hot outdoors as well though.

Gibberellin

Gibberellin is a hormone in a plant that can regulate its growth and how much it flowers. By using this gene, scientists can manipulate when a plant will flower, which is especially important in the commercialization of food crops. This commercial rice most likely had this hormone manipulated.

Unicellular organism

Yeast is an example of a unicellular organism. Unicellular organisms are organisms which lack a true nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Yeast meets all of these properties.