PERSONALITY

Du, Fontanosa, Lim, Suarez, Untal, Ursal

What is Personality?

It is the tendency to feel, think, and behave consistently through time, and across situations
Our unique personality characteristics set us apart from other individuals

Personality Theories

They are theories about the structure and function of individual personalities They help us understand the structure and origin of personality They also help us to predict behavior based on what we know about personality

Sigmund Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory

Freud said that events within a persons mind that motivate behavior are the core of personality.

Our actions emerge from what we desire even if we do not know what we really want Freud also said that our actions are very much influenced by our early childhood experiences

Drives and Instincts

The first drive is the drive to meet the needs of hunger and thirst The second drive (eros) is the driving force related to sexual urges and the preservation of the species. It does not only include sexual intercourse, but also all other attempts to seek pleasure or make physical contact.

The Ego

The ego represents a persons view of physical and social reality of his conscious beliefs about the causes and effects of behavior. The ego puts reasonable choices before pleasurable demands

Defense Mechanisms
The first line of defense is REPRESSION, which pushes extreme desires from the conscious to the unconscious The second line of defense mechanisms are: DISPLACEMENT: Letting loose pent-up feelings, usually of frustration on objects or people that are less dangerous than those that initially aroused that emotion

FANTASY: Gratifying frustrated desires in imaginary achievements of goals or meeting of needs

Defense Mechanisms

IDENTIFICATION: Increasing feelings of self worth by identifying oneself with a person who has positive attributes COMPENSATION: Covering up one weakness by over emphasizing some other characteristic. PROJECTION: Blaming others for one's difficulties -attributing one's "forbidden" desires to others RATIONALIZATION: Attempting to justify one's actions

Defense Mechanisms

REACTION FORMATION: Endorsing opposing attitudes to cover up dangerous desires REGRESSION: Retreating to early developmental levels SUBLIMATION: Exhausting sexual desires through socially acceptable nonsexual activities

UNDOING: Atoning for unacceptable actions/feelings

DENIAL OF REALITY: Refusing to perceive reality last resort defense mechanism

PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT (Sigmund Freud) -focused on the erotic pleasure derived from each stage's dominant
erogenous zone
ORAL (0-2: Mouth)

gratifies self through sucking and other oral actions

ANAL (2-3: Anal Region) pleasure through bowel movement PHALLIC (3-6: Genitalia) pleasure from self-manipulation discovers difference between genitalia between genders LATENCY (6-11) sexual motives recede in importance focused on skills development GENITAL (Final: Sexual Intercourse) puberty, emergence of sexual feelings

GRATIFICATION VS SELF CONTROL

-Conflict between the need to gratify impulses and parents demand for self-control

how impulses are channeled causes adult personality failure to resolve conflict results in fixation which becomes patterns of maladaptive behavior at adulthood most important conflict: Phallic Stage

Oedipus/Electra Complexes (sexual desire for parent of opposite sex)

JUNGS ANALYTICAL THEORY

(Carl Gustav Jung)

Forward movement: people are guided by future aims (teleology) and past experiences (causality) as they continually try to realize ones full potential and achieve unity in all aspects of their personality through individualization then uniting the contradictory aspects on ones personality Individualization-differentiating, recognizing, and developing all parts of ones psyche

Composition of Human Psyche

1. EGO -everything one is conscious of (thinking, feeling, remembering, perceiving) -responsible for the functions of everyday life -responsible for sense of identity and sense of continuity in time 2. PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS -experiences repressed or forgotten -readily available, great traffic between ego and personal unconscious

Composition of Human Psyche

3. COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS -storehouse of latent memory traces from ones ancestral past -psychic residue of human evolutionary development from repeated experiences -composed of archetype -when contents are not recognized, they are manifested in dreams and fantasies -most powerful and influential system, overshadows ego and personal unconscious
Archetype -inherited universal idea containing a large element of emotion -thought form creates images/visions that correspond to everyday life

Composition of Human Psyche

4. PERSONA -mask to respond to the needs of society and own archetypal needs -the part society expects one to play -public personality, conceals nature of person to make a definite impression -develops in a nucleus (archetype) 5. ANIMA AND ANIMUS -Anima: female component of the male psyche from past experiences with women : causes some feminine traits and provides framework for interacting with females -Animus: male component of the female psyche : causes masculine traits and provides framework for interacting with men

Composition of Human Psyche

6. SHADOW -darkest and deepest part of the psyche containing animal instincts of the collective unconscious -causes strong tendency to be immoral, aggressive and passionate -seeks outward manifestation and is symbolized as devils, monsters and evil spirits -should be recognized and utilized not overcome (spontaneity, vitality and creativity)

7. SELF -attempts to harmonize other components -seeks to be self-actualized-achieved unity, wholeness and integration of total personality

Composition of Human Psyche

8. ATTITUDES -extroversion: oriented to the external, objective world (outgoing, fun-loving, thrill-seeking) -introversion: oriented to the internal, subjective world (shy, quiet, reserved, cautious) 9. FUNCTIONS -sensing: detecting the presence of things, does not indicate -thinking: giving meaning to what a thing is -feeling: liking or disliking -intuiting: hunches, goes beyond facts, feeling and ideas

Alfred Adlers Individual Psychology

Suggested that the central moving force behind behavior is TO ACHIEVE SUPERIORITY/QUEST FOR PERFECTION through improving ones self, adapting and mastering lifes challenges

Erik Eriksons Psychosocial View of Personality

Personality Development is a life-long process of crisis resolution through 8 stages:

Carl Rogers Person Centered Theory

Awareness of what you are and what you can do which in return influences ones perception of the world and of ones own behavior Concept of the ideal self: Concept of the kind of person we would like to be; the closer the ideal to the real self, the happier and more fulfilled the person will feel but the farther they are results in an unhappy dissatisfied person.

The end