Power Electronics

Uncontrolled Rectifiers

Contents
Single-phase half-wave rectifiers, Performance parameters, Single-phase full-wave rectifiers, Single-phase full-wave rectifier with RL load, Multiphase star rectifiers, Three-phase bridge rectifiers, Three-phase bridge rectifier with RL load.
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Single-phase half-wave rectifiers

Performance parameters
Efficiency Ripple factor Form factor Transformer utilization factor Distortion factor Harmonic factor

With R-L Load

Without Freewheeling diode

RL load

With freewheeling diode

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Half wave rectifier: RC Load

Role of the Capacitor

C is initially uncharged. Switch is turned on at wt=0. Diode becomes forward biased as the source become positive. When diode is ON the output is the same as source voltage. C charges until Vm. After wt= p/2, C discharges into load R. The source becomes less than the output Voltage. The output voltage decays exponentially.

Full wave rectifier

Center-tapped (CT) rectifier requires center-tap transformer and 2 diodes.

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Bridge rectifier

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With RL load

If the load current is continuous

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With RL load

If the load current is discontinuous

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Multiphase Rectifier

A multi-phase rectifier increases the dc component and lowers the harmonic components.
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Output of Multiphase Rectifier

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3 phase Bridge rectifier

Sequence of conduction: D1-D2, D3-D2, D3-D4, D5-D4, D5-D6

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3 phase Bridge rectifier

Sequence of conduction: D1-D2, D3-D2, D3-D4, D5-D4, D5-D6

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3 phase Bridge rectifier

Wave shape with R load

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Explanation using phase voltage

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Three-phase waveforms
Top group: diode with its anode at the highest potential will conduct. The other two will be reversed. Bottom group: diode with the its cathode at the lowest potential will conduct. The other two will be reversed. For example, if D1 (of the top group) conducts, vp (+) is connected to van. If D6 (of the bottom group) conducts, vn (-) connects to vbn . All other diodes are off. The resulting output waveform is given as: vo=vp-vn For peak of the output voltage is equal to the peak of the line to line voltage vab .
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Comparisons of Diode Rectifiers

1- phase 1- phase Half wave Full wave efficiency RF TUF PIV FF 40.5% 121% 28.6% Vm 157% 81% 48.2% 57.32% 2Vm/ Vm 111% 3- phase star 96.77% 18.24% 66.43% 3Vm 101.65% 3- phase bridge 99.83% 4% 0.9542 3Vm 100.08%

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Summary
An inductive load can make the load current continuous. With highly inductive load the input current of a rectifier becomes an ac square wave. With high value of capacitance the output voltage remains almost constant. ##### ##### ##### ##### ##### ##### Exercise: Example Assignment #2: Problem 2.9, 2.10, 3.11, 3.1
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