Wireless M-Bus protocol for Advanced Metering Infrastructure

SABER FERJANI

Who I am?
Education:
http://about.me/ferjani

2010-2013: ENSI (Computer Science Engineering) 2008-2010: IPEIEM (Scientific Preparatory)

Experience:
2013: Graduation project about Qemu translation cache policy 2012: Hygrometer & Altimeter based on STM32, Line following robot, Stepper motor control through Smartphone via Bluetooth. 2011: PCB Multilayer Design Layout using Altium 2010: Led Display spinning wheel 2009: Thermometer based on PIC with serial interface

Framing
The European Conference for Renewable Energy in Berlin in 2004 announced that by 2020, the EU would seek to obtain 20% of its total energy consumption requirements with renewable energy sources.

Renewable energy with intermittent generation necessitates a change in grid operations every few minutes. With less centralized control, the need for communications and coordination has become crucial.

Outline
1) Introduction
1) Sub Ghz Radios 2) Difference between AMR & AMI 3) Smart Metering

2) 3) 4) 5)

Standardization Implementation Experimentation Conclusion

2.4GHz vs. sub-GHz application trends

Sub Ghz Radios

Sub-GHz radios can offer relatively simple wireless solutions. Notable advantages over 2.4GHz radios include:
Range: transmission ranges of a kilometer or more.

Low interference: Sub-GHz ISM bands are mostly used for

proprietary low-duty-cycle links. Low power: can operate uninterrupted on battery power alone

for up to 20 years.

Difference between AMR & AMI

Automatic Meter Reading allows utilities to perform some basic readout functions of a customers meter. But it does not allow control of the meter itself. Advanced Metering Infrastructure, relies on updated, digital versions of the traditional electrical meter, also known as Smart meters. Consumers can use information provided by the system to change their normal consumption patterns to take advantage of lower prices.
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Smart Grid
The smart grid represents the full suite of current and proposed responses to the challenges of electricity supply.
Reliability: fault detection, self-healing Flexibility in network topology: bidirectional energy flows Efficiency: Load adjustment Sustainability: permits greater penetration of highly variable renewable energy sources such as solar power and wind power Market-enabling: Only the critical loads will need to pay the peak energy prices

Smart Grid

Outline
1) Introduction 2) Standardization
1) 2) 3) 4) CENELEC Wireless Meter Bus Open Metering System Dutch Smart Meter Requirements

3) Implementation 4) Experimentation 5) Conclusion

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CENELEC
Designated as a European Standards Organization by the European Commission, CENELEC is a non-profit technical organization responsible for standardization in the electro-technical engineering field. The national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement European Standard:
Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

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Wireless Meter Bus

The Meter bus is specialized for transmitting metering data from gas, heat, water or other meters to a data collector. It is described by European Norm:
EN 13757-1: Data exchange EN 13757-2: Physical and link layer EN 13757-3: Dedicated application layer EN 13757-4: Wireless meter readout EN 13757-5: Routing layer EN 13757-6: Local bus
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Stack overview of M-Bus

Manufacturer specific application OMS DSMR Application layer

Application layer (EN-13757-3)

Routing layer (EN-13757-5) (optional) Wireless (EN-13757-4) Data link layer Physical layer Wired (EN-13757-2) Data link layer Physical layer Data link layer

Physical layer

Dutch Smart Meter Requirements (DSMR), and Open Metering System (OMS) are specifications that extend the EN-13757-3 application layer with: Installation algorithms AES-128 encryption Clock synchronization Collision avoidance

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Mode S1

Direction Frequency

Description
The meter send data several times per day.

Uni-dir Uni-dir
Bi-dir Uni-dir Bi-dir 868,95 MHz 868.03 MHz + n60 kHz

Stationary S1-m
S2 Frequent Tx T1 T2 R2 Frequent Rx Q P

868,3 MHz
Bi-dir version of S1 Send intervals of several seconds or minutes Bi-dir version of T1 Frequency multiplex allows several metering devices may be read simultaneously The network topology is hierarchical Search procedure for discovering the path to nodes not directly reachable Similar to mode T but allows higher data rate with identical energy budget and duty cycle mode T and C frames can be supported from a single receiver.

Bi-dir

C1
Compact C2 N1,N 2 F2, F2-m

Uni-dir
Bi-dir

868,95 MHz
869,525 MHz

Narrowband Frequent Rx & Tx

Uni/Bi-dir
Bi-dir

169 MHz
433,82 MHz

Optimized for narrowband operation

Wake up message from a stationary or mobile transceiver to the meter device to open a communication channel 14

Open Metering System

The application layer of Wireless M-bus can be enhanced by extensions, being defined from vendor alliances, like the Open Metering System (OMS) Group, or from national bodies. The OMS group is the only system definition across Europe which integrates all media (electricity, gas, heat and water including sub-metering) into one system. It was developed by the industry in order to guarantee a future-proof communication standard and interoperability between all the meter products.

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Open Metering System

Back Office System AMM: Automated Meter Management

Tertiary Communication

IPv4

Collector

MUC: Multi Utility Communication

Primary Communication

Wireless M-Bus

Meter

Electricity meter

Gas meter

Water meter

Heat meter

Actuator

Display

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Dutch Smart Meter Requirements

Back Office System CAS: Central Access Server P3,2 DC: Data Concentrator P3 GPRS, Ethernet

P3,1
Electricity Meter

P0

P1

P2

Wireless M-Bus

Meter

PDA, Laptop

OSM: Other Service Module

Gas, Heat, Water Meter

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Outline
1) Introduction 2) Standardization 3) Implementation
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) System overview TI CC112X Transceivers Simplified State Diagram Command Strobes Packet Description

4) Experimentation 5) Conclusion
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System Overview
Antenna

Display Button

SPI

Current sens
STM32 MCU

GPIO RF Transceivers Battery

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TI CC112X Transceivers
CC112X is a family of high performance low power RF transceivers designed for operation with a companion MCU.

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TI CC112X Transceivers
CC112X can be configured to achieve optimum performance for many different applications using the SPI interface. The following key parameters can be programmed:
Power-down/power-up mode (SLEEP/IDLE) Crystal oscillator power-up/power-down (IDLE/XOFF) Receive/transmit mode (RX/TX) Carrier frequency, Symbol rate, Modulation format, RF output power, RX channel filter bandwidth Data buffering with separate 128-byte RX & TX FIFOs Enhanced Wake-On-Radio (eWOR)

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Simplified State Diagram

Freq Startup SRX/STX/ SFSTX Freq Synth ON SRX/ STX/ SFSTX/ WOR SRX RX mode FIFO Error SFTX SFRX IDLE SXOFF Cristal OFF SPWD Sleep
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STX TX mode

Freq Calib

Command Strobes
Address Strobe Name Description

0x30 0x34 0x35 0x36 0x39 0x3A 0x3B 0x3D

SRES SRX STX SIDLE SPWD SFRX SFTX SNOP

Reset Chip Enable RX. Perform calibration if coming from IDLE Enable RX. Perform calibration if coming from IDLE Exit RX/TX, turn off frequency synthesizer and exit eWOR mode if applicable Enter SLEEP mode when CSn is de-asserted Flush RX FIFO Flush TX FIFO No operation. Used to get access to the chip status.
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Packet Description
1 byte 0..10 byte 1 byte 0..10 byte (Variable)

Data Header 0/4/12 byte

Data Blocks (Variable)

MDH (opt) MFG Specific (opt) 1 byte (Variable)

1 byte

1 byte

2 byte

4 byte

2 byte

2 byte

2 byte

1 byte

(Variable)

2 byte

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Physical layer

Data link layer

Man

ID

Ver

Type CRC

CI

Data

CRC

Application layer

DIF

DIFE

VIF

VIFE

Data

Packet Description: C Field

(MASTER: MUC or other communication device)
C Field SND-NKE SND-UD Hex Value 40 53, 73 Description Link reset after communication Send command (Send User Data)

REQ-UD1
REQ-UD2 ACK CNF-IR

5A, 7A
5B, 7B 00 06

Alarm request , (Request User Data Class1)

Alarm request , (Request User Data Class2) Acknowledge the reception of the ACC-DMD Confirms the successful registration (installation)

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Packet Description: C Field

(SLAVE: meter or actuator)
C Field SND-NR SND-IR ACC-NR Hex Value 44 46 47 Description Send spontaneous/periodical application data without request Send manually initiated installation data; (Send Installation Request) No data - provides the opportunity to access the meter, between two application data transmissions. Access demand to master in order to request new important application data (alerts)

ACC-DMD 48

ACK
RSP-UD

00, 10; 20, 30

08, 18, 28, 38

Acknowledge the reception of a SND-UD (acknowledgement of transmission only);

Response of application data after a request from master
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Packet Description: CI Field

CI Field 0x50 0x51 0x52 0x5C 0x70 0x71 0x72 0x78 Description Application Reset Data Send (master to slave) Selection of slaves Synchronize action Report application errors (slave to master) Report of alarms (slave to master) 12 byte header, followed by variable format data (slave to master) Variable data format response without header (slave to master)

0x7A

4 byte header (slave to master)

0xB8..BF Set baud rate to 300.. 38400

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Packet Description: Data header

Structure of Data Header (Cl = 72h)
Ident. Nr. Manufacturer Version Device type Access No. Status Signature

4 Byte

2 Byte

1 Byte

1 Byte

1 Byte

1 Byte

2 Byte

Structure of Data Header (Cl = 7Ah)

Access No.

Status 1 Byte

Signature 2 Byte

1 Byte

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Packet Description: Device Type

Value 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07 Device Type Other Oil Electricity Gas Heat Steam Warm water (30..90C) Water

0x08 0x09

Heat cost allocator Compressed air

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Outline
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Introduction Standardization Implementation Experimentation Conclusion

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Smart RF Studio
SmartRF Studio 7 is a PC application that can be used in combination with several development kits for Texas Instruments RF-ICs.

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Implemented Scenario
Installation Sequence (Link layer)
Slave (Meter) Master (Collector)

Add New Meter

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Current Work
Currently working on clock synchronization

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Outline
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Introduction Standardization Implementation Experimentation Conclusion

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Conclusion
We presented the state of the art of smart meters AMI rely on smart meter technology. WM-Bus stack is well adapted for wireless metering. Smart homes & smart cities relies on meter features. Smart Grid provide useful access to control & monitor the energy consumption.

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Perspectives
Define Different Packet format structures, Implement 3outof6 for T-mode code/decode, Configure timers & Interruptions, Implement AES encryption library, Optimize Energy for maximal battery life.

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References
[1] http://www.renewgridmag.com/e107_plugins/content/content.php?content.8946

[2] Portable and Flexible Communication Protocol Stacks for Smart Metering
Projects, JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 11, NO. 1, MARCH 2013 (Axel Sikora)

[3] SWRU295D - Texas Instruments Users Guide: CC112X/CC1175 Low-Power High

Performance Sub-1 GHz RF Transceivers/Transmitter

[4] METERING INTERNATIONAL ISSUE 4 2009 - AMI & SMART METERING OPEN METERING SYSTEM By Peder Martin Evjen [5] Analysis of State-of-the-art Smart Metering Communication Standards (Klaas De Craemer, Geert Deconinck) [6] Open Metering System Specification Volume 2 Primary Communication (Issue 3.0.1 / 2011-01-29)
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