PISMP Semester 6

SCE3112-Management of the Science Lab and Resources

Topic 4 Safety Procedures In Science Laboratories

Pajuzi Awang IPG KDRI

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T4: Safety Procedures In SL

SAFETY PROCEDURES IN SCIENCE LAB

Fire And Explosion

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Question
a) Fire can classify into 4 general categories. i. State four (4) categories of fire and explain briefly the causes [8 marks] ii. Identify suitable fire extinguishers for each categories. [4 marks]

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T4: Safety Procedures In SL

Question

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T4: Safety Procedures In SL

Fire And Explosion

Fire and explosion are the most common serious hazards that one faces in a typical science laboratory. Laboratory makes use of flammable materials including solids, liquids, and gases. The following are among the more common sources of fire and explosion hazards encountered in science laboratories: Ignition of solvent vapours Ignition by reactive chemicals Uncontrolled chemical reactions Inadequate storage and disposable techniques Heating due to electric faults Loose clothing and hair ignited by the Bunsen burner Misuse of gas cylinders Inadequate maintenance Inadequate temperature control, especially in the areas where solvents are stored

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T4: Safety Procedures In SL

Fire Prevention Control

Setiap makmal sepatutnya mengandungi: Alat pemadam api jenis karbon dioksida, jenis busa dan jenis serbuk kering (Fire Extinguisher) Selimut Api (Fire Blankets) Baldi berisi pasir (Dry Sand Buckets)

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Fire And Explosion

Fire is a chemical reaction involving rapid oxidation or burning of a fuel. It needs three (3) elements to occur i.e. oxygen, heat and fuel, as shown in Figure 1

Figure 1 : Fire Triangle

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CONTOH-CONTOH ALAT PENCEGAHAN KEBAKARAN

Cuba kenal pasti fungsi setiap jenis alat di atas

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Classification of Fire

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T4: Safety Procedures In SL

Classifications of Fire
Kelas
A

Punca
Bahan pepejal yang boleh membakar seperti kayu, kertas, kain, getah, plastik Cecair yang mudah terbakar seperti minyak, spirit, alkohol dan petrol Elektrik Logam seperti magnesium

Jenis Alat Pemadam Api

Serbuk, Busa, Air.Selimut api, pasir dan air Serbuk, Karbon dioksida, Serbuk, Karbon dioksida Serbuk kering yang direka khas untuk api logam , karbon dioksida

B C D

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T4: Safety Procedures In SL

Type of Fire Extinguisher

Different types of fire extinguishers are designed to fight different classes of fire. The three most common types of fire extinguishers are: Water (APW) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Dry Chemical (ABC, BC, DC)

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Type of Fire Extinguisher

1.Water (APW) Large, silver fire extinguishers that stand about 2 tall and weigh about 25 lbs when full. APW stands for Air-Pressurised Water. Filled with ordinary tap water and pressurised air, they are essentially large squirt guns.

APWs extinguish fire by taking away the heat element of the Fire Triangle. APWs are designed for Class A fires only: Wood, paper, cloth, etc.
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Type of Fire Extinguisher

2. Carbon Dioxide

CO2 cylinders are red. They range in size from 5 lbs to 100 lbs or larger. On larger sizes, the horn will be at the end of a long, flexible hose.

Carbon dioxide is a non-flammable gas that takes away the oxygen element of the Fire Triangle. CO2 is very cold as it comes out of the extinguisher, so it cools the fuel as well. A CO2 may not be very effective in extinguishing a Class A fire because it may not be able to displace enough oxygen to successfully put the fire out. Class A materials may also smoulder and re-ignite.
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Type of Fire Extinguisher

3. Dry Chemical (ABC, BC, DC)

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T4: Safety Procedures In SL

Type of Fire Extinguisher

3. Dry Chemical (ABC, BC, DC)

You dont want to mistakenly use a BC extinguisher on a Class A fire thinking that it is an ABC extinguisher. Dry chemical extinguishers with powder designed for Class B and C fires (BC extinguishers) may be located in places such as commercial kitchens and areas with flammable liquids. On campus you will find ABCs in public hallways of new buildings, laboratories, break rooms, offices, chemical storage areas, mechanical rooms, university vehicles, etc.

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Type of Fire Extinguisher

3. Dry Chemical (ABC, BC, DC)
ABC extinguishers are filled with a fine, yellow powder. This powder is mostly composed of mono-ammonium phosphate. The extinguishers are pressurised with nitrogen. Dry chemical extinguishers put out fire by coating the fuel with a thin layer of dust. This separates the fuel from the oxygen in the air. The powder also works to interrupt the chemical reaction of fire. These extinguishers are very effective at putting out fire. Dry chemical extinguishers come in a variety of types. You may see them labelled: DC (for dry chemical) ABC (can be used on Class A, B or C fires) BC (designed for use on Class B and C fires)

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How to Use a Fire Extinguisher?

Po rta bl e e xt ing uis he rs , h o we ver , a re no t d esi g ne d t o f igh t a la rge o r s p re ad ing fire. Even a g a inst s ma ll fires, t hey a re use ful on ly un d er cer tain con di tio ns. * The ext inguishe r m ust b e ra te d for the typ e of fire you a re figh t ing. * The ext inguishe r m ust b e la rge e nough t o p u t ou t the fire. M o st p o rtab le ex t ingu ishers di sch a rge co mp le t ely in a s few a s e ight se con d s. * The ext inguishe r m ust b e with in e a sy rea ch a n d in wo rkin g o rd er, full y ch a rg e d . * The o p er a to r m ust know h o w t o use the e x tin g uisher. Read the ins truc tions when y o u b uy it. There is no ti m e t o r e ad di rec t ions d urin g a n e m erg e ncy . * The o p er a to r m ust be str o ng en o ugh t o lif t a n d o p e ra t e the ex tingu isher.
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Should You Fight The Fire?

Before you begin to fight a small fire: * Make sure everyone has left, or is leaving, the building. * Make sure the fire department has been called. * Be certain that the fire is contained to a small area, such as a wastebasket, and that is is not spreading beyond the immediate area. * Make sure that the fire is NOT between you and an escape exit. * Make sure you have adequate fire fighting equipment.
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How to Use a Fire Extinguisher?

If Yo u DO F igh t The Fire, Re m e mb er Th e Wo rd P ASS

PULL t he p in: s o m e ex t ingu ishers re q uire rele a sin g a lock la tch, p ress ing a p unc t ure le ver, o r t a kin g a noth e r first ste p .

AIM lo w: po int t he e x tin g uisher n ba se o f t he fire.

ozz le ( o r i t s horn

or h o se) a t t he

SQUEEZ E t he h a n d le: This re lea s es th e ex t inguish

ing a gen t .

SWEEP fro m s id e t o si d e: Kee p the e xtin g uisher a im ed a t the b ase o f t he fire a n d s wee p ba ck a n d for t h unt il i t a pp e a rs to be ou t . Wa t ch th e fire a re a . If t he fire br eak s out a g ain , re p e a t the p ro cess
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How to Use a Fire Extinguisher?

Bolehkah anda mengenalpasti arah semburan yang sepatutnya dilakukan?

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Aim at the base of fire

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Alat Pemadam Api

Harus

diingati bahawa alat pencegahan kebakaran yang dibekalkan di sekolah adalah untuk bantuan kecemasan sahaja bagi mencegah kebakaran kecil. Misalnya alat pemadam api mudah alih yang ada di sekolah anda hanya mampu memadam kebakaran yang meliputi keluasan dua meter persegi sahaja!
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Tindakan Jika Berlaku Kebakaran

Jenis Kebakaran
Kebakaran pakaian

Langkah-langkah yang perlu diambil

Berhenti berlari, rebahkan diri di atas lantai dan bergolek untuk halang api terus merebak; balut dengan selimut kalis api atau siram dengan air. JANGAN gunakan alat pemadam api ke atas seseorang yang terbakar

Kebakaran kecil bahanTutup mulut bikar/bekas dengan kain lembab bahan mudah terbakar atau kepingan asbestos. seperti minyak, alkohol,spirit. Kebakaran besar Bunyikan siren kebakaran/ kecemasan Kosongkan bangunan dan bilik darjah dan berkumpul di tempat lapang atau padang Hubungi pihak bomba Tutup semua suis utama elektrik dan gas Periksa senarai murid yang ada
T4: Safety Procedures In SL

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Exercises : Refer pg 85-86

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T4: Safety Procedures In SL

Question
b) Fire can classify into 4 general categories. i. State four (4) categories of fire and explain briefly the causes [8 marks] ii. Identify suitable fire extinguishers for each categories. [4 marks]

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T4: Safety Procedures In SL