Lesson 14 UB Completions and Cementing

PETE 689 Underbalanced Drilling (UBD)
Lesson 14
General Considerations, Completion Tools
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
The Reason for UB Drilling Determines the Completion Type

Faster
Rate of Penetration. Lost Circulation. Differential Pressure Sticking. Formation Evaluation. Prevention of Formation Damage.
UB Completion Types
Open
Hole Liners Cased Hole
Advantages of UB Open Hole Completion

Simple Low
Cost Low Maintenance
Disadvantages of UB Open
Hole Completion
Difficult
Well Control Borehole Stability
Formation Specific
Entire
Formation Exposed No Zonal Isolation

Open Hole Completion General Considerations

Intermediate
Casing Point Stripping or snubbing head Tripping In and Out
Drill String Tubing
Well
Head Installation
Isolating BHP From Surface in Open-Hole Completions

While
tripping. Running completion tools. Installing tubing head and tree.
Isolating BHP From Surface

Isolation
Valve Temporary Plug Floating Mud Cap Strip and Snub Kill the well with mud
Isolation Valve for Completion / Drilling

Halliburton Petrolane/Weatherford Techcorp
(Canada)
Well Control Valve

HALLIBURTON
Well Control Valve

Back off threads
Valve goes at about 3,000 Deeper is not necessary. Runs on a liner that ties into intermediate casing.
Hanger
Well Control Valve

HALLIBURTON
Well Control Valve
Valve closes against upward pressure Trip without stripping Balance pressure to open valve.
Well Control Valve

HALLIBURTON
The float valve is opened by the bit.
Well Control Valve

HALLIBURTON
The float valve is closed when the bit pulls the sleeve the bit. The sleeve rides the drill pipe up and out of the hole.
Completion Isolation Valve

(Petroline)
Safe underbalanced completion running. Bi-directional suspension barrier. Interventionless completion installation. Tool deployment barrier. Remote opening from surface.
Liner Top Operational Sequence

Run outer and inner string to depth and set liner hanger Release liner hanger Pull back into larger running tools and ID section to pull back to inflate activate shifting tool ECP no-go mechanism Run in to land and lock, shifting tool in TB-CIV. Pull ball closed Shear shifting tool and pull back. Pressure test and circulate to completion fluid
Tool Deployment Operational Sequence

Run guns and spot underbalance cushion if required Fire guns Pull back to close CIV & pressure tests Retrieve guns & re-deploy as required shifting CIV open Pressure cycle CIV open
Temporary Completion Plug

Activate/Release with Tubing. Restriction at TD. Through-Tubing Bridge Plug.
Completion Types
Open
Hole Various liners Cased Hole
Slotted Liner in UB Completion - Considerations

Stripping
and snubbing Downhole lubricator

Temporary plug Standard overshot on liner
Drill-in
liner Expandable liner

Expandable Liners
Petroline Alternative Borehole Liner (ABL)
ABL Advantages

Reduced well costs, low cost contingency.

Larger bore production casing allows easier access/larger completion accessories.
Can allow larger production conduits.

Can eliminate sidetracks, therefore well on line earlier.
In prolific reservoirs, large production increases possible due to larger payzone diameter.
ABL Key Uses
Isolation of problem zones: Swelling Clay Sloughing shales Fluid loss zones Under/over pressured zones Differential sticking Additional contingency casing strings without loss of hole size. Incomplete casing run - can be set below shoe to isolate exposed formations. An integral element of Slim hole well design.
ABL Key Uses

Reduces well 'telescoping' Not limited by length/diameter. Relatively simple, robust tools. Permits fundamental changes in well design.
Running Tool
Accommodates the expansion cone and two drift cones. Bottom part contains shearing device to which the expandable top connector is made-up.
Expandable Top Connector
Interface between the running tool and the ABL string and contains the locations for the shear pins.
ABL Joints

Supplied in 40 ft lengths. Also available in pup joints of different lengths. All joints internally coated with a polyurethane sealant which allows circulation.
Expandable Bottom Connector
Interface between Anchor Shoe and ABL string.
The Anchor Shoe is made of aluminum and is drillable in approx. 30 minutes.
ABL Deployment
Deployment Procedure
Set Conventional Drill New Zone Overgauge Casing (Under-Ream if Necessary) Run in Hole EST ABL Cement ABL
Deployment Procedure
Expanded ABL While Cement Soft Expanded ABL Let Cement Harden Drill Out Hard Cement Continue New Section Without Loss of Hole Size
ABL as a Completion Liner
Expandable Completion Liner

Isolates annulus from pay zone. Allows slimming down of well by one casing size. Improves mud cake removal. Improved PLT interpretation. Maximizes inflow area. Stabilizes the formation.
Conventional vs. ECL
Expandable Sand Screen
Conventional vs. ESS
Completion Types
Open
Hole Various liners Cased Hole
Cased Hole-UB Completion

Liner
Use same technique Full String Strip/Snub Surge/Swab Potential
Two-Stage Technique in UB Completion

Conventional
or UBD Intermediate Drill out With CTU
Inflate ECP and cement liner into main bore casing.
Clean out liner.

Perform any remedial treatments if necessary.
Coiled-Tubing Unit UB Completion

Open
Hole Slotted Liner Conventional Liner or Full String
End
Cementing
(Chapter 8.4)
Cementing UB is it Possible?
UB Cementing Incompetent Cement
OB Cementing Formation Damage
Annular Flow Through Cement
Formation Damage Mechanism in Cementing

Slurry
Damage Filtrate Damage
Formation Damage From Cement
Before cementing, remember why the well was drilled underbalanced.
Minimize Damage
Loading the Hole

Casing
Run Dry Straight

Deviation
requires lubrication.
Stable
Formation
Advantages of Loading the Hole

Clean the Hole
Pack-Off Due to Sloughing
Advantages of Loading the Hole

Clean
the Hole Prevent Pack-off Ensure Float Equipment is Open Remember: gas compresses
Temperature Effects
Cool
Steel Contracts Liners Minimum Two Circulations Set Down Weight
Preventing Formation Damage in Cementing

Low
API FL Know the Slurry Rheology Know Frac and Pore Pressures Model Hydraulics Non-damaging Pre-flush
Snubbing and Stripping
SNUBBING - Pipe Light Where an external force is needed to push pipe into the hole.
STRIPPING - Pipe Heavy Condition. Where weight of pipe exceeds well bore pressure.
In any well control operation, the first and foremost priority must always be the safety of everyone involved.
STRIPPING OPERATIONS
Normal Stack Configurations can be used. Recommended not to exceed 50% of the rated working pressure. Pay attention to Volumetrics
Stripping
- maintain constant BHP Bleed Mud volume equal to Steel volume going in.
Maintaining Seal Element Life

Pass
tool joints slowly. Lubricate Element. Reduce closing pressure minimum.
to
SNUBBING
Rig up for Phase II
Calculations
The
Depth of the Neutral Point. The Critical Buckling Load of the Work String for Support conditions of the Snubbing Unit. The jack system settings. Maximum Jack Speed.
Forces on Snubbing String

The Pressure Area Force Acting Upward. Gravity working downward. Frictional Forces. The Snubbing Unit Forces. Force of any Obstructions in well.
Downward Forces = Upward Forces

Snub Force + String Weight = (Pressure x Area) + Friction
Upward force resulting from the wellhead pressure against the pipe:
Fp-a = ( * OD2 * WHP) / 4
Where Fp-a pressure area force, lbs OD diameter in which seal is made, inches. WHP wellhead pressure, psi.
Remember tool joints!

Max Snub Force = Pressure Area Force + Friction
Fmax snub = Fp-a + Ffriction
Balance Point
Transition from pipe light to pipe heavy.
Bouyed String Weigh = Pressure Area Force
WT = Fp-a
Bouyed Pipe Weight

WT = L*{w - [(OD2 * MWwell)/24.5]}
Where WT w L MWwell effective (bouyed) string weight, lbs pipe weight per foot in air, lbs/foot pipe length in the well, feet fluid density in the well, ppg
Balance Point
LB-P = {[(*OD2*WHP)/4] / [w (OD2*MWwell )/ 24.5]}
Pressure Area Force = Bouyed Weight
Calculate increased weight due to filling pipe:

WT = [(L*ID2 * MWstring)/24.5]
Where
WT ID MWstring change in string weight, lbs pipe inside diameter, inches fluid density inside the work string, ppg
Watch out for density variations inside and outside the pipe:
WT = L {w + [(ID2 * MWstring)/24.5] . ..[(OD2*MWwell )/ 24.5)]} Where WT total weight of the string considering bouyancy and fill inside the pipe, lbs (all other variables are the same as above)
Next Step
Snubbing
force known. NOW determine whether or not the string to be used will buckle or not.
Cross-Section of the Snubbing String
Column Stability and Local Buckling
Buckling Determination
1. Column Slenderness Ratio
Cc = * (2*E) / y
2. Radius of Gyration
r = I / Asc
3. Effective Slenderness Ratio

SR = (K*L) / r or SR = QRT(R/t)*[4.8 +(R/225)*t]
End Conditions Determine K Values
Buckling Load (SR<Cc)

BL = y As [1 - (SR2 / 2Cc2)]
Where BL y As maximum buckling load (without safety factor), lbs yield stress of the pipe, psi cross-sectional area of the pipe, inc.2
In This Situation, The Buckling Load Can be Increased By:

Increasing the work string size (OD). Increasing work string wall thickness. Increasing work string yield stress.
If Slenderness Ration (SR) > Column Slenderness Ratio, Cc:

BL = As [286,000,000 / SR2]
Where
BL maximum buckling load (without safety factor), lbs
In This Situation, The Buckling Load Can be Increased By:

Reducing the unsupported length. Increasing the work string size. Increasing the work string wall thickness.

Lesson 14 UB Completions and Cementing

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PETE 689 Underbalanced Drilling (UBD)

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

The Reason for UB Drilling Determines the Completion Type

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Hole Liners Cased Hole

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Advantages of UB Open Hole Completion

Cost Low Maintenance

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Well Control Borehole Stability

Formation Exposed No Zonal Isolation

Open Hole Completion General Considerations

Casing Point Stripping or snubbing head Tripping In and Out

Drill String Tubing

Isolating BHP From Surface in Open-Hole Completions

tripping. Running completion tools. Installing tubing head and tree.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Isolating BHP From Surface

Isolation Valve for Completion / Drilling

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Well Control Valve

Well Control Valve

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Well Control Valve

Well Control Valve

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Well Control Valve

The float valve is opened by the bit.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Well Control Valve

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Completion Isolation Valve

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Liner Top Operational Sequence

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Tool Deployment Operational Sequence

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Temporary Completion Plug

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Hole Various liners Cased Hole

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Slotted Liner in UB Completion - Considerations

and snubbing Downhole lubricator

Temporary plug Standard overshot on liner

liner Expandable liner

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Petroline Alternative Borehole Liner (ABL)

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Reduced well costs, low cost contingency.

Can allow larger production conduits.

ABL Key Uses

ABL Key Uses

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Expandable Top Connector

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Expandable Bottom Connector

Interface between Anchor Shoe and ABL string.

The Anchor Shoe is made of aluminum and is drillable in approx. 30 minutes.

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering

Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering