Faculty Development Workshop

On

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

using SPSS
WINGS BUSINESS SCHOOL
8-9, FEB-2014

Business Question/Situation
Encountering a Business Question/Situation
In the early 70s, NASA had a problem that its astronauts were unable to use the fountain pen for recording their observations in the space as the ink was not flowing due to lack of gravity

The Moot Question

A researcher would like to study about the HRM practices in two companies. Develop a Research Design detailing the variables, their measurement and appropriate statistical tests to be used

Setting the Broad Objectives

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Objectives
Understanding the socio economic profiles of the workforce in the two companies Understanding the HRM Practices Comparison of HR Practices across the two companies

Variables?
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Identification of the Variables to Study

HRM Practices /Policies
Communication
Employee Participation Motivation Organisation Climate Organisation Culture HRM VARIABLES Recruitment & Selection

Sense of Belongingness
Supervision / Leadership

Training & Development

Welfare Salaries & Wages

Performance Appraisal

Identification of the Variables to Study

Demographic Variables
Income Managerial level Experience Education background Marital status and Age

How to measure the Variables?

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How to measure the Variables?

Tell your opinion on the following practices
Communication Employee Participation Motivation Organisation Climate Organisation Culture Performance Appraisal Recruitment & Selection Sense of Belongingness Supervision / Leadership Training & Development Welfare Salaries & Wages is is is is is is is is is is is is GOOD GOOD GOOD GOOD GOOD GOOD GOOD GOOD GOOD GOOD GOOD GOOD BAD BAD BAD BAD BAD BAD BAD BAD BAD BAD BAD BAD

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How to measure the Variables?

Rate the following practices on a scale of 1 to 5:
1 being poor & 5 being Excellent
Communication Employee Participation Motivation Organisation Climate Organisation Culture Performance Appraisal Recruitment & Selection Sense of Belongingness Supervision / Leadership Training & Development Welfare Salaries & Wages
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How to measure the Variables?

Rate the following practices on a scale of 1 to 5:
1 - Very Poor & 5 Very Excellent
Communication Employee Participation Motivation Organisation Climate Organisation Culture Performance Appraisal Recruitment & Selection Sense of Belongingness Supervision / Leadership Training & Development Welfare Salaries & Wages 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

How to measure the Variables?

Rate the following practices on a scale of 1 to 5:
1 - Very Poor 2- Poor 3- NPNE 4- Excellent 5-Very Excellent 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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Communication Employee Participation Motivation Organisation Climate Organisation Culture Performance Appraisal Recruitment & Selection Sense of Belongingness Supervision / Leadership Training & Development Welfare Salaries & Wages

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

How to measure the Variables?

Communication
Goals of our organization are clearly defined and the employee knows what they are expected to do.
1) Strongly Agree 4) Moderately Disagree 2) Moderately Agree 5) Strongly Disagree 3) Neutral

The Policies and programs of the company are always communicated to employees.
1) Strongly Agree 4) Moderately Disagree 2) Moderately Agree 5) Strongly Disagree 3) Neutral

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How to measure the Variables?

Employee Participation
I have freedom to take decisions relating to my work
1) Strongly Agree 4) Moderately Disagree 2) Moderately Agree 5) Strongly Disagree 3) Neutral

Our company is open to ideas and suggestions given by the employees

1) Strongly Agree 4) Moderately Disagree 2) Moderately Agree 5) Strongly Disagree 3) Neutral

Suggestion schemes help employees in voicing their grievances.

1) Strongly Agree 4) Moderately Disagree 2) Moderately Agree 5) Strongly Disagree
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3) Neutral

How to measure the Variables?

Recruitment & Selection
Our company follows a fair and transparent recruitment policy
1) Strongly Agree 4) Moderately Disagree 2) Moderately Agree 5) Strongly Disagree 3) Neutral

Company uses standard and valid devices in selecting people

1) Strongly Agree 4) Moderately Disagree 2) Moderately Agree 5) Strongly Disagree 3) Neutral

Merit is the top priority in the Recruitment Practice of the company

1) Strongly Agree 4) Moderately Disagree 2) Moderately Agree 5) Strongly Disagree
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3) Neutral

How to measure the Variables?

What actually is MEASUREMENT?
Arriving at a numerical value for each variable per respondent

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How to measure the Variables?

How does our Responses Table Looks like?
R# Age Gender -C 1 C 2 EP EP EP RS RS RS 1 2 3 1 2 3

1
2 3 4

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How to measure the Variables?

How does our Responses Table Looks like?
R# Age Gend er M -C 1 SA C 2 A EP1 EP2 EP3 RS1 RS2 RS3

1 42

SD

SA

2 35
3 55 4 50

F
F M

D
SA SA

SA
SA A

A
A N

N
N D

D
D A

A
SA N

N
A D

D
N D

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How to measure the Variables?

Converting Responses into numbers: Assign Value for each response
Strongly Agree Agree Nether A Nor D Disagr ee Strongly Disagree

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How to measure the Variables?

Converting Responses into numbers: Assign Value for each response
Strongly Agree Agree Nether A Nor D Disagr ee Strongly Disagree

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R# Age 1 2 3 4 42 35 55 50

4
Gen -der M F F M C 1 5 2 5 5

C EP1 EP2 EP3 RS1 RS2 RS3 2 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 5 4 3 2 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 4 3 2 4 3 2 2

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How to measure the Variables?

AND numbers into single value for each variables per respondent
R# Age Gend -- C C EP EP EP RS R RS er 1 2 1 2 3 1 S2 3 C E RS P

1
2 3 4

42

35
55 50

F
F M

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How to measure the Variables?

AND numbers into single value for each variables per respondent
Gen R# Age der
1 2 3 4

C
--

EP1 EP2 EP3 RS1 RS2 RS3 C EP RS 1

5 2 5 5

2
4 5 5 4 3 4 4 3 2 3 3 2 1 2 2 4 5 4 5 3 4 3 4 2 3 2 3 2 4.5 3.5 5 4.5

42 35 55 50

M F F M

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Objectives
REVISITED
Breakingdown the objectives to be

SMART
(Specific, Measureable, Attainable, Relevant & Testable)
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Objective-1 (SMART)
Understanding the socio economic profiles of the workforce in the two companies
1)What is the magnitude of different demographic variables?

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Objective-2(SMART)
Understanding the HRM Practices/Variables
2) What is magnitude of each of these HRM Variables? 3)Examine the interrelationships among the HRM practices/variables
Is it that few of our variables are measuring the same thing?

4) Does a relationship exists between each pair of these practices? If yes, in what direction and by how much? 5)Is it that one practice influences the other? If yes, by how much

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Objective-3(SMART)
Comparison of HR practices between the two units
6)To explore whether there is a significant difference in the perception of the HR practices between the two companies

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Objective-4 (SMART)
7)Does the Demographic Variables influence OR influenced by one or more HRM Variables?
Is there any association between each pair of HRM & Demographic Variables
Communication Vs. Age; Communication Vs. Gender etc.. Motivation Vs. Age; Motivation Vs. Gender etc..

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HYPOTHESES
1)What is the magnitude of different demographic variables?
Ho11: The Average Age of the workforce is 25 years Ha11: The Average Age of Respondents is not 25 years Ho12: The Average Salary of the workforce is 15000 Ha12: The Average Age of Respondents is not 15000
Ho13: There is no significant difference between the average age of the workforce between two companies Ha13:

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HYPOTHESES
2)What is magnitude of each of these HRM Variables?
Ho 31: The Average score of Communication is 3

Ho32 : There is no significant difference between mean scores of communication between the two companies

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HYPOTHESES
3) Is it that few of our variables are measuring the same thing?
Ho 41: All variables are measuring distinct characteristics

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HYPOTHESES
4) Does a relationship exists between each pair of the HRM variables? If yes, in what direction and by how much? Communication Vs. Motivation
Ho 51: There is no relationship between Communication and Motivation

Like Wise
Communication Vs. R&S, EP etc.
Ho 52: There is no relationship between Comm. and R&S Ho 53: There is no relationship between Comm. and EP Ho 54: There is no relationship between Comm. and Org. Culture and so on.

R& S Vs. Comm, EP, Motivation etc..

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HYPOTHESES
5)Is it that one practice influences the other? If yes, by how much? Communication Vs. Motivation
Ho 61: The Communication does not influence Motivation

Like Wise
Communication Vs. R&S, EP etc.
Ho 62 The Communication does not influence R&S Ho 63 The Communication does not influence EP Ho 64 The Communication does not influence Org Culture and so on.

R& S Vs. Comm, EP, Motivation etc..

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HYPOTHESES
6)To explore whether there is a significant difference in the perception of the HR practices between the two companies Ho71 : There is no significant difference between mean scores of communication between the two companies Ho71 : There is no significant difference between mean scores of Motivation between the two companies Ho71 : There is no significant difference between mean scores of R & S between the two companies So on
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HYPOTHESES
7) Does the Demographic Variables influence OR influenced by one or more HRM Variables?
Is there any association between each pair of HRM & Demographic Variables

Age Vs Communication
Ho21: The age and communication are independent
Can be tested for the whole sample (both companies combined) OR separately for each company

Like Wise
Age Vs Motivation, EP, R&S. Income Vs Comm, Motivation, EP, R&S.
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