The Rise and Fall of the

Roman Republic

Chapter 5
Pages 146-183
Chapter Outline

 The Rise of Rome

 From Republic to Empire
The Rise of Rome:
Land and People
(Copy on the back of your Rome Map)

 The Geography of Rome

made it the perfect place
for a large and stable
empire.
 Italy is a peninsula
located in the
Mediterranean sea.
 Fertile plains and less
rugged terrain made it
much easier to unify than
Greece.
 Geography of Rome
 Locate the
following on the
map provided:
 Rome
 Carthage
 Byzantium
 Jerusalem
 Sicily (shade
orange)
 Judea (shade
green)
 Alps
 Pyrenees Mts
•Color Rivers Blue
 Rubicon River •Mountains Brown
•Place red stripes over all the land that was part
 Aegean Sea
of the Roman Empire by 14AD.
 Mediterranean •Place purple polka dots on the area that used to
Sea be the Carthaginian Empire
Rome Map
The Rise of Rome:
The Roman Republic
 Legend: Romulus and Remus
 Reality: Romulus was the first of seven kings who
ruled Rome as a city-state.
 People of Italy
 1500BC-1000BC occupied by Latins, herders and farmers.
 750-550BC Greek colonists pass along their alphabet and
agriculture as well as art and architecture.
 800BC Etruscans found the city of Rome, wore the toga,
and were the most influential.
 509BC The last Etruscan king/tyrant is overthrown and a
Republic is established
Groups that influenced the
development of Rome:
The Rise of Rome:
The Roman Republic
 Read page 151: War and Conquest, and Why Rome was
Successful. 3-2-1
 3 reasons why Romans were successful.
 Good Diplomats

 Excelled in Military Matters

 Excellent military stratagists

 Law and Practical Politics
 2 victories for the new Republic
 338 BC Crushed the Latins

 264 BC overcome the Greeks

 1 way Romans gained support for their empire.

 Extended Roman citizenship and allowed states to run their

own affairs.
The Rise of Rome:
The Roman State
 Define Republic:
 Draw the diagram below and use pages 152-153 to write
the role of each level of Roman Government.
Dictator
2 Consuls & Praetors

Senate

Patricians

Plebeians

Slaves
The Rise of Rome:
Roman State and Society
 Roman Republic: Form of government in which the
leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the
right to vote.
 Senate: (government that was established by the
people to prevent a tyrant from misruling Rome.)
 Two Consuls were elected annually to supervise
government and command armies.
 One Dictator could be chosen during a time of war
or crisis for a temporary time.
 Society organized by class: (A person could improve
their status.)
 Patricians: landholding elite and could be members of
senate
 Plebeians: Lower class free men like farmers, merchants,
etc.
 Slaves: no rights or privileges but could one day become
citizens themselves.
  Punic Wars 264-146 BC: Between
The Rise of Rome: Rome and Carthage over who would
rule trade in the Mediterranean.
Expansion First War over the island of Sicily

and Rome Wins
 Second Carthage attacks Rome
from the north through the Alps
 Hannibal= Leader of Carthage’s
army that wanted to destroy Rome
and marched with elephants
across the Alps, invading Rome
from the North.
 Carthage killed 40,000 Romans at
Canae winning the battle but not the
war.
 The Romans travel to Zama and
defeat Carthage.
 Third War Rome travels to Carthage
and destroys Carthage.
 Romans take all Carthaginian lands,
enslave the people, and burn their
cities.
 Results:
 Rome controls the Western
Mediterranean.
 They also expanded into Alexander’s
Empire by 168BC and the Holy land in
63 BC.
 The Rise of Rome: Expansion
 Use either visual art or storytelling to demonstrate an
understanding of the major events of the Punic Wars between
Rome and Carthage.
 Draw a cartoon with at least six frames illustrating the major
people and events of the Punic Wars. Make sure to include
captions and color.
 Pretend you are either a Roman or Carthaginian soldier at
the end of the Third Punic War. Write a letter to a loved one
explaining the history of the wars, your role in it, and how
you feel about the outcome.
 You must include the following information in your product in
some way:
 Who was involved in the wars?
 Major people, places, battles, etc
 Who won each war?
 Effects of the wars
End of the Republic
 Following the Punic Wars as Rome’s territory
expanded the stability of the Republic declined
 Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were the first to attempt
reform
 These wealthy aristocrats tried to help the small

farmer
 They were both killed by fellow members of the

Senate
 Generals like Cornelius Sulla set a standard for using
the military to enforce their political power.
 From Republic to Empire
End of the Republic: Julius Caesar
 Great Roman general that
conquered Gaul
 marched his army across
the Rubicon River into
Rome.
 Caesar defeated Pompey
and Crassus, the other
members of the
Triumvirate, and declared
himself dictator.
 Triumvirate= three
people with equal
power
 Caesar was Rome’s first
true dictator, or ruler with
absolute power that is not
a Monarch
 March 15, 44 BC he was
assassinated in the
Senate.
Rome under Julius Caesar
Honors: Caesar’s Funeral
1. Answer questions in the Reading Review.
2. Make a list of two or three words from each
document that you do not know and define.
3. What kind of documents are these?
4. Who are the speakers?
5. Who is the audience for each document?
6. What other information do you need to
better understand these documents?
From Republic to Empire
End of the Republic
 The Second Triumvirate
plunges Rome into Civil
War again!
 Octavian =
Grandnephew,
Antony = Caesar’s
Assistant, Lepidus =
Commander of
Cavalry
 Answer the following
questions:
 Who is Cleopatra?
 Who became the
first emperor of
Rome?
 How did he
accomplish this?
 From Republic to Empire
Roman Peace (Pax Romana)
 Octavian Augustus ruled with
absolute power and began the Pax
Romana
 His successors included good and
bad emperors
 It was a 200 year period of peace
and prosperity to Roman Empire
from Euphrates River to Britain.
 Legions maintained roads and navy
protected seas encouraging free
trade
 Cultural diffusion: thoughts,
customs, and ideas spread
throughout the empire.
 Culture and Society: During Channel One use
pages 163-168 to complete the chart (#27 in
Guided Reading)
Art and Architecture Literature
Art: Based on Greece but more Real Virgil: Most distinguished poet of the Augustan
Age, Aeneid shows ideals of Roman character and
Insulae: Multi-Storied Apt. buildings prone to fire the foundations of the city of Rome
Aqueduct: Bridge-like stone structure used to Horace: Wrote about the problems in Rome,
bring water to cities Satires
Colosseum: Most famous stadium in the Livy: most famous prose writer, History of Rome
world, gladiator games, races, executions traces their history from the foundations in 9BC up
until his time in 142 books

Family Slaves: built roads and public buildings,

Paterfamilias: Dominate male head of the farmers,
household
Greeks: Doctors, Teachers, Artists, Musicians,
Women: Subject to men but gained more rights in very high demand,
throughout the span of the Empire
Spartacus: led the largest slave revolt of
Children: Boys learned reading, writing, morals 70,000, he and 6,000 of his followers were crucified
and values, law and PE, Girls married young
 Compare and Contrast Rome and the
USA
 Trace how each characteristic of 1. Architecture
Roman civilization has evolved 2. Military
over time and how it has 3. Transportation
influenced the development of its 4. Law
present equivalent form. 5. Government
 For example, show how the 6. Art
concept and practice of the 7. Technology
Senate has changed over time.
 Students create a Double Bubble
using 3 of the similarities and
differences on a large piece of
chart paper.
Christianity
Christianity Spreads
Rome Found Poem
1. Free Write about either Christianity or Culture and
Society of Rome.
2. Share with a partner and add to your list.
3. For Homework:
 Using NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES, AND OTHER
PUBLISHED MATERIALS look for all the words on
your list including any “filler words” like a, the, an, in,
etc.
 If you can’t find a word cut out a picture of that word.
 Cut them out and place them in a ziplock bag, or
other container and bring with you tomorrow.
 Fall of Rome
Political: 22 Capital moves
emperors in 50 to
yrs Constantinople

Military: Western
invasions and Europe in a
mercenaries Dark Age

Social: decline Byzantine

in values and Empire in the
education East 1,000
years

Economic: Christianity and

collapse of RCC replace
economy and Empire
inflation
Write a 5 sentence summary for one of
the following topics.
1. Geography and people that influenced the
development of Rome.
2. Roman Republic and social hierarchy.
3. Punic Wars.
4. The fall of the Republic (JC) and the rise of the
Empire (OA).
5. Emperors of Rome.
6. Culture, society, and achievements of the empire.
7. Christianity and the spread of this new faith.
8. Causes and effects of the fall of Rome.