An occupation that requires extensive education A calling that requires special knowledge, skills and preparation

CRITERIA
Requirement of prolonged, specialized training to

acquire a body of knowledge pertinent to the role to be performed An orientation of an individual toward service, either to a community or to an organization Ongoing research Code of ethics Autonomy Professional organization

SPECIALIZED EDUCATION
An important aspect of professional status

BODY OF KNOWLEDGE
Well-defined body of knowledge and expertise

SERVICE ORIENTATION
ALTRUISM the hallmark of profession Service that is guided by certain rules, policies or

code of ethics

ONGOING RESEARCH contributes to nursing practice CODE OF ETHICS a member is expected to do what is considered right regardless of personal costs AUTONOMY regulates itself and sets standards for its members PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION governance

PROFESSIONALIZATION
Process of becoming professional; acquiring

characteristics considered to be professional

PROFESSIONALISM
Refers to professional character, spirit or methods A set of attributes, a way of life that implies

responsibility and commitment

EMPIRICAL KNOWING ETHICAL KNOWING AESTHETIC KNOWING PERSONAL KNOWING

NURSING as SCIENCE Scientific Competence Ranges from factual, observable phenomenon to theoretical analysis Gained from studying scientific models and theories and from making objective observations

NURSING ETHICS The Moral Component Focuses on matters of obligation or what ought to be done, and goes beyond simply following ethical codes of discipline Involves confronting and resolving values and beliefs Goals of nursing: conservation of life, alleviation of suffering, promotion of health

NURSING AESTHETICS The art of nursing Expressed through the nurses creativity and style in meeting the needs of the clients and in providing care that is both effective and satisfying Arises from deep appreciation of the uniqueness of each individual and the meanings that the individual ascribes to a given situation Empathy, compassion, holism, sensitivity are important modes in the aesthetic pattern of knowing

PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE Therapeutic Use of Self Concerned with the knowing, encountering, and actualizing of the concrete individual self Promotes wholeness and integrity in the personal encounter, achieves engagement rather than detachment, and denies the manipulative or impersonal approach Developed through critical reflection on ones own actions and feelings in practice

FIELDS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN NURSING

HOSPITAL/INSTITUTIONAL NURSING PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING (CHN) PRIVATE DUTY/SPECIAL DUTY NURSE INDUSTRIAL/OCCUPATIONAL NURSING NURSING EDUCATION MILITARY NURSE CLINIC NURSE INDEPENDENT NURSING PRACTICE

EXPANDED CAREER ROLES FOR NURSES

NURSE PRACTITIONER CLINICAL NURSE SPECIALIST NURSE ANESTHETIST NURSE MIDWIFE NURSE RESEARCHER NURSE ADMINISTRATOR NURSE EDUCATOR NURSE ENTREPRENEUR

NURSE PRACTITIONER a nurse who has as advanced education and is a graduate of a nurse practitioner program
- Family nurse practitioner, school nurse practitioner

CLINICAL NURSE SPECIALIST a nurse who has an advanced degree or expertise and is considered to be an expert in a specialized area of practice
- gerontology, oncology

NURSE ANESTHETIST a nurse who has completed advanced education in an accredited program in anesthesiology NURSE MIDWIFE An RN who completed a program in midwifery; gives prenatal and postnatal care and manages deliveries in normal pregnancies

NURSE RESEARCHER investigates nursing problems to improve nursing care and to refine and expand nursing knowledge NURSE ADMINISTRATOR manages client care, including the delivery of nursing services NURSE EDUCATOR NURSE ENTREPRENEUR has advanced degree and manages health-related business

LICENSED PRACTICAL (VOCATIONAL) NURSING PROGRAMS provided by community colleges, vocational schools, hospitals or other health agencies
- 9 12 months of classroom and clinical

experiences - Takes the NCLEX-PN - Work under the supervision of an RN

DIPLOMA PROGRAMS 3 year program

-

hospital-based educational programs that provide rich clinical experience for nursing students

ASSOCIATE DEGREE introduced by Mildred Montag

- 2-year educational program in community

colleges - Performs nursing function broader than an LPN

 BACCALAUREAT DEGREE - Full college

education
Training is more rigorous involving more areas un nursing practice Can be assigned in any area or scope With licensure exam to become RN RN renew license every 3 years

MASTERS DEGREE PROGRAM

Takes 2 years to complete Degrees granted are MAN, MSN

DOCTORAL PROGRAMS
Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Nursing Science Began in 1960 in the US Must be a masters degree holder

CONTINUING EDUCATION formalized experiences designed to enlarge knowledge or skills of practitioners IN-SERVICE EDUCATION
Provided by hospital employers to newly hired

nurses or other health care providers

Seminars Trainings Conventions

AREAS OF POTENTIAL LIABILITY

CRIME an act committed in violation of public law and punishable by a fine or imprisonment
Classification:

Felony a crime of serious nature, punishable by

term in prison
Manslaughter second degree murder

Misdemeanor an offense of less serious in

nature and is usually punishable by a fine or shortterm jail sentence or both

TORTS civil wrong committed against a person or a persons property

Classification: Unintentional torts Negligence malpractice Intentional torts Battery and Assault False imprisonment Invasion of privacy Defamation

NEGLIGENCE misconduct or practice that is below the standard expected of an ordinary, reasonable, and prudent person
Failure to do something due to lack of foresight or

prudence Failure of an individual to provide care that a reasonable person would ordinarily use in a similar circumstance An act of omission or commission wherein a nurse fails to act in accordance with the standard of care

NEGLIGENCE
DOCTRINES: Respondeat superior command responsibility Res ipsa loquitor the thing speaks for itself Force majuere

MALPRACTICE professional negligence

Negligence that occurred while the person was

performing as a professional Elements:

Duty Breach of duty Forseeability Causation Harm or injury Damages

The defendant executed the act on purpose or with intent ASSAULT an attempt or threat to touch another person unjustifiably BATTERY willful touching of a person (or the persons clothes or even something the person is carrying) that may or may not cause harm

FALSE IMPRISONMENT the unjustifiable detention of a person without legal warrant to confine the person INVASION OF PRIVACY direct wrong of a personal nature

Injures the feelings of the person and does not take

into account the effect of revealed information on the reputation of the person RIGHT TO PRIVACY right of the individual to withhold themselves and their lives from public scrutiny
Right to be left alone

DEFAMATION communication that is false, or made with a careless disregard for the truth, and results in injury to the reputation of as person
Character assassination
LIBEL defamation by means of print, writing or

pictures SLANDER defamation by spoken words, stating unprivileged or false words by which a reputation is damaged

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