JAYWANT SHIKSHAN PRASARAK MANDAL,NARHE

-By OMKAR.D.SHINDE (T.E MECH)

Under the guidance of Prof:-S.M.KARLEKAR

CONCEPT INTRODUCTION TO ITS TOPICS VARIABLE VALVE VALVETRONICS EXPLAINATION VARIABLE VALVE TYPES(VVT) VALVE VARIOUS OPERATIONS VVT ADVANTAGE GRAPH CAMPARISON OPERATION CHARACTERSTICS ADVATNTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES FUTURE REFERENCES

The Valvetronic engine is the world's first engine without a throttle butterfly. Valvetronic allows the engine to run without a throttle butterfly, the cylinder charge being determined under part load as a function of the valve-opening period. The intake and outlet camshafts are driven by variable cam adjustment.

Valve Tip

Valve Keeper Grooves

Stem

Valve head

Face

Margin

This systems Valvetrain characteristics cannot be changed once the engine is started

Push rod Valvetrain

Accordingly, the Valvetronic engine no longer requires a throttle butterfly, which has quite literally restricted the free ventilation of the internal combustion engine ever since its invention. Now Valvetronic replaces this conventional function by infinitely variable intake valve lift, offering a quantum leap in technology quite comparable to the changeover from the carburetor to fuel injection.

Simplified Explanation:
Valvetronic varies valve lift by adjusting the fulcrum point of the rocker arm. The eccentric shaft is turned by an electric stepper motor which is controlled by the engine control unit. This will influence how much the cam can push down on the valve

Valve Timing

Changes Point at which Valve Opening begins with respect to crankshaft position. Typically attained by controlling an interface between the timing belt or chain, and the camshaft itself. Allows for finer tuning of Combustion chamber cross flow, and coupled with variable ignition timing can be adjusted to increase Combustion Efficiency.

Basic Valve is called Poppet type.

Named because of its popping action as it opens and closes. Most are made from hardened or stainless steel Other materials used:

Titanium

Ceramic

Specified Amount the Valve Opens to Allow Air and/or Fuel Air Mixture Into Combustion Chamber Controlled by Camshaft Lobe Height, Maximum at the Cam Nose Typically Specified as Height Valve Lifts Away From Valve Seat

Valve Duration
Specified Time the Valve is Open Controlled By Camshaft Profile Geometry, Length of Lobe Measured in Degrees of Rotation, Either from Camshaft or Crankshaft

Definition:

Valve overlap occurs when both intake and exhaust valves are opened
At

higher engine speeds exhaust fom other cylinders in exhaust manifold will pull more air into cylinder
Increased valve

engine speeds
Decreased

overlap is desired at higher

valve overlap at lower engine speeds increases effective compression ratio which in turn increases torque.

Advantages of Variable Valve Engine

160 140

Brake Torque (N*m)

120 100 80 60 Convential Engine 40 20 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 Engine Speed (rpm) Varable Valve Engine

It

can be seen from the graph the increases in torque across the power range of the VVT engine

Intake Opening

Intake valves are opened before TDC (~10-25degrees)

Higher engine speed have shorter time for air/fuel

ingestion

Higher Speeds decrease volumetric flow rate Time delay for valve to open fully At higher engine speeds intake valves must open

earlier

Intake Closing
closed

after BDC (~40-50degrees)

The intake flow momentum is greater than

pressure created by upstroke of piston

This momentum is greater at higher engine speeds thus at higher engine speeds intake valve will close later in cycle.

Anti-knock control for running on all fuel grades between 87 and 99 octane.

Maintenance-free ignition system with individual coils

A Service Interval Indicator to keep the cost of service to a minimum A two-mass flywheel for Maximum running smoothness Minimum friction and fuel consumption.

However, such data cannot be provided by the usual sequential test runs. Fuel Economy and Power are only optimized at one particular RPM, Throttle Position
Broad

torque curves are sacrificed

Pneumatic Valves
The valve spring pocket is replaced with a chamber pressurized with a gas (usually nitrogen because it is less temperature-sensitive than O2) Still use traditional camshafts The system has been used in Formula 1 racing since 1980s Allows higher RPMs valve springs have to be very stiff to allow high RPMs which creates more engine drag and slower valve timing

PNEUMATIC VALVES

Valvetronic combines a significant improvement of fuel consumption with excellent engine response and control, allowing optimum valve timing under all running conditions. The result is smooth and free operation of the engine under part load with very little throttle effect. Optimised fuel/air mixture management ensures significant advantages in fuel efficiency compared with a conventional four-cylinder engine. Engine with Valvetronic does not require an NOx removal catalyst, it can be used worldwide with all types and grades of fuel.

R Flierl, R Hofmann, C Landerl, T Melcher MTZMotortechnische C Langger 2001 - Springer DIS Missy, DIJ Thams, R Tatschl,MTZMotortechnische IM Bollig 2002 - Springer