INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CONCEPT

Teknik Kendaraan Ringan Semester 1nd Class X Dasar Kompetensi Kejuruan SK-KD 1TH

DIAGRAM ALUR PENCAPAIAN KOMPETENSI

Classification of Engines

External vs Internal Combustion Spark Ignition SI or Compression Ignition CI Configuration Valve Location 2 Stroke or 4 Stroke

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Engine Configurations
In Line (Automobile) V (Automobile)

Horizontally Opposed (Subaru)

Radial (Aircraft)

Opposed Piston (crankshafts geared together)

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History of IC Engines
1860 Lenoirs engine (a converted steam engine) combusted natural gas in a double acting piston, using electric ignition 1876Nikolaus Otto patented the 4 cycle engine, it used gaseous fuel 1882 Gottlieb Daimler, an engineer for Daimler, left to work on his own engine. His 1889 twin cylinder V was the first engine to be produced in quantities. Used liquid fuel and Venturi type carburetor, engine was named Mercedes after the daughter of his major distributor 1893 Rudolf Diesel built successful CI engine which was 26% efficient (double the efficiency of any other engine of its time)
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Complementary Technologies
1. Pneumatic tires (1888, Dunlop) 2. Cheap liquid fuels (Oil industry born in PA 1859) 3. Venturi effect carburetor (1892, Willi Maybach) 4. Variable mechanical transmission (primitive type by Levassor, 1891) 5. Electric starter (Kettering 1912)

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Parts of an IC Engine

Cylinder Head Cover

Cylinder Head Cam Shaft

Piston

Cylinder Block
Conecting Rod Crank Shaft

Oil Pan

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4 Cycle Process
4 Stroke Engine: Every 2x rotation of crank shaft or 4x movement of piston yields 1x Power

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4 Cycle Process

Intake Stroke Intake valve opens, admitting fuel and air. Exhaust valve closed for most of stroke

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4 Cycle Process

Compression Stroke Both valves closed, Fuel/air mixture is compressed by rising piston. Spark ignites mixture near end of stroke.

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4 Cycle Process
Power Stroke Fuel-air mixture burns, increasing temperature and pressure, expansion of combustion gases drives piston down. Both valves closed - exhaust valve opens near end of stroke

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4 Cycle Process

Exhaust Stroke Exhaust valve open, exhaust products are displaced from cylinder. Intake valve opens near end of stroke.

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2 Cycle Process

2 Cycle Engine: Every 1x rotation of crank shaft or 2x movement of piston yields 1x Power
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2 Cycle Process
Compression Stroke and Intake Stroke Power Stroke and Exhause Stroke

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Rotary Wankel Engine

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BIBLIOGRAPHY: Briggs and Stratton TEAM 21 Toyota Technician, Toyota Astra Motor

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Thanks very much

Presented by Aloysius Sudibyo SMK Negeri 1 Magelang Source: Toyota and Briggs and Stratton