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Learning
Sealing
Fundamentals
Part Part 1 1
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Learning
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Learning
Leakage
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Packing
Environment Vessel Wall Shaft Process Fluid Leakage
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Learning
Packing
vs.
Mechanical Seals
s not a seal but rather a restricting device. !e"uires leakage or it #ill burn. $ill groove and #ear shafts and sleeves. %igh horsepo#er load to overcome friction.
$ill seal #ith invisible leakage. )n difficult applications the leakage ratio bet#een seals and packing is * to *++ or better. Seals have been kno#n to run , to *+ (ears #ithout failure. Monetar( savings from little to no product loss- #ater savings and energ( savings. Little maintenance re"uired after initial installation. Seals offer better safet( #hen sealing potentiall( ha.ardous materials.
Product loss. !e"uires large amounts of #ater. !e"uires maintenance time and do#ntime for installations and packing ad&ustments. '"uipment damaged and destro(ed from leakage.
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!e"uired Features
Shaft Movement
Shaft
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Learning
!e"uired Features
Shaft Movement
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Learning
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Mechanical Seals
Basic Concept
and
peration
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Learning
Seal Faces
Seal Chamber
Pump Shaft
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Learning
'lastomers
Seal Chamber
Pump Shaft
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Learning
Spring 1ssembl(
Seal Chamber
Pump Shaft
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Learning
2asket
Seal Chamber
Pump Shaft
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Learning
Pump Shaft
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Learning
Basics of )peration
Seal Chamber
CLOSING FORCES
Pump Shaft
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Learning
Basics of )peration
Seal Chamber
CLOSING FORCES
OPENING FORCES
Pump Shaft
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Learning
Shaft Fretting
!"#$% S&S S'(F)&
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Learning
1 Fle/ible Seal
Mating "ing
Primar* "ing
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Learning
Mating "ing
Shaft
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Learning
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Learning
%ap.
Face Separation
Fluid.
$on!flashing Flashing
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Learning
Lubrication Purpose:
Separate surfaces Prevent contact of high surface points !educe friction7heat generation
Magnified Surface (
Separation
Lu/ricant
'eat
Magnified Surface B
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Learning
Primar* "ing
Mating "ing
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Learning
Primar* "ing
Mating "ing
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Learning
%eat 2eneration
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Learning
%eat Transfer
Conduction Convection
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Learning
Flushing
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Flo-
Suction
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Learning
,ischarge Flo-
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Process Fluid
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(u:iliar* E;uipment
Seal (ssem/l*
Seals
(daptive 'ard-are
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Learning
Classification of Seals
Mechanical Seals
,esign Features
(rrangements3)*pes
(rrangements
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Learning
0esign Features
Balance !atio Face Pattern Springs Secondar( Sealing 'lement T(pe 0rive Mechanism
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Learning
0esign Features
Balance !atio
Balance ratio is used to control the face load&
Closing Force
pening Force
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Learning
0esign Features
Balance !atio
Balance ratio is the ratio of the closing area to the opening area& (
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Learning
0esign Features
Balance !atio
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Learning
0esign Features
Balance !atio
An Unbalanced Seal
( ( o
Fc
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Learning
0esign Features
Balance !atio
A Balanced Seal
Ac Ao
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Learning
0esign Features
Balance !atio
Metal /ello-s seals ma* /e 5inherentl*6 /alanced at lopressures& Balance ratio increases at higher pressures&
Balance "atio @ 1
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Learning
0esign Features
Face Pattern
Most seals have faces that are plain 7no pattern8 and are lapped flat& Primar* "ing
Mating "ing
Cross Section
Face Vie-
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0esign Features
Face Pattern
PlainA Flat
'*dropads
PlainA )apered
Spiral %rooves
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Learning
0esign Features
PlainA Flat
'*dropads
PlainA )apered
Spiral %rooves
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Learning
0esign Features
Springs
Provide The nitial Closing Force 1re 8er( mportant 1t Lo# Pressures 1re >ot So mportant 1t %igh Pressures
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Learning
0esign Features
Springs
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Learning
0esign Features
Springs
%igh Speed Seals ?se Stationar( Springs :6+++ ft7min T(pical Break Point;
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Learning
0esign Features
Springs
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Learning
0esign Features
Static 0(namic
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Learning
0esign Features
Pusher Seal
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Learning
0esign Features
>on9Pusher Seal
Static
!ring
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Learning
V "ings
0 Cup
Wedge
Encapsulated "ing
"ing
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!ring secondar* seal must slide along shaft as seal face -ears
Bello-s secondar* seal e:pands to accommodate face -ear& Bello-s tail is stationar* against shaft
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ECCDF
C
!ECCDF !BCCDF
!4BDC 3 !F4DF !B4DC 3 !4CDF
!EGDC 3 !ECDF
!BCDC 3 !BCDF
!EGDC 3 !ECDF
!1EGDC
!E1EDC 3 !24CDF
!EBCDC
Buna9>
'P0M
8iton
TM
@alre.
TM
1flas
TM
Teflon
TM
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Learning
0esign Features
0rive Mechanism
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Learning
,ent ,rive
Je* ,rive
Pin ,rive
Elastomer ,rive
Spring ,rive
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Learning
1rrangements
Single
Multiple
Pressuri.ed >on9Pressuri.ed
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Learning
1rrangements
Single
nside Mounted
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Learning
1rrangements
Single
)utside Mounted
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Learning
Seal Head
Shaft
utside Mounted
Gland Pump Housing Atmosphere Process Fluid Mating Ring Seal Head Shaft
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Learning
1rrangements
"otating 'ead and "otating Seat
"otating 'ead "otating Seat
"otating
Stationar*
"otating
(dvantages
Less "adial K (:ial Space "e;uirements Lo-er Cost
(dvantages
'igher Speed Capa/ilit* )olerates Misalignment Better Better Cooling
{
Stationar*
Seal 'ead
Seat
Seat
Seal 'ead
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1rrangements
Multiple
>on9Pressuri.ed Pressuri.ed
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Process seal
Backup seal
Classical D!"ble
Process seal
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Learning
Pressure
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PressuriLed 7dou/le8
Pressure
Process
Barrier (tmosphere
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$eWorn
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Corrosion $ear
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CM17STL' !eport
better performance than older designs can meet local and federal re"uirements