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Rad
Cholecystitis
Pancreatitis Ulcer
Appendicitis
Diverticulitis
Colon in loop
PX Radiologi GIT
USG Abdomen
CT Scan Abdomen
Hepar
usus besar
Gaster
adalah suatu pemeriksaan perut dengan menggunakan sinar X yang menggambarkan struktur dan organ dalam perut,
diafragma
Kontra Indikasi Tidak ada kontraindikasi mutlak, pada wanita sampai akhir periode reproduksi dan wanita hamil dihindari untuk mencegah paparan radiasi
What to Examine
Gas pattern
Extraluminal air
Soft tissue masses Calcifications
Skeletal pathology
The clarity of outlines of structures depends, on the differences between these densities.
Gas in stomach
Erect Abdomen
Haustra films
Faecal mottling
Abdomen Position
Supine
Complete Abdomen
Supine
Looking for Scout film for gas pattern Calcifications Soft tissue masses Substitute none
Complete Abdomen
Erect
decubitus
Complete Abdomen
Erect Chest
Looking for Free air Pneumonia at bases Pleural effusions Substitute supine chest
Complete Abdomen
Prone
Looking for Gas in rectum/sigmoid Gas in ascending and descending colon Substitute lateral rectum
Prone
Localized Ileus
Pitfalls
mechanical SBO
Clinical course Get follow-up
Generalized Ileus
Key Features Gas in dilated small bowel and large bowel to rectum
Long air-fluid levels Only post-op patients have generalized ileus Other causes: Peritonitis
Hypokalemia
Metabolic disorder as hypothyroidism Vascular occlusion
Supine
Erect
Mechanical SBO
Key Features
SBO
LBO
Supine
Prone
LBO
Mechanical LBO
Causes
Mechanical LBO
Pitfalls
Incompetent ileocecal valve Large bowel decompresses into small bowel May look like SBO Get BE or follow-up
Supine
Prone
Gallstone
Gallstone Ileus
Mesenteric Occlusion
Yes
No
No
RLQ Abscess
RLQ Abscess
Free Air
Causes
Rupture of a hollow viscus Perforated ulcer Perforated diverticulitis Perforated carcinoma Trauma or instrumentation Post-op 57 days NOT perforated appendix
Extraperitoneal Air
CT Scan Abdomen
Kontras oral, melapisi mukosa usus-usus hingga usus-
usus mudah diidentifikasi. IV Gambaran pada CT Scan dilihat dengan potongan aksial, koronal dan sagital.
Pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is most often secondary to alcohol abuse or gallstone impaction in the distal common bile duct. Other causes include trauma, cryptogenic, tumor, infection, hyperlipidemia, and ERCP. CT Findings typical of pancreatitis include: 1. An enlarged pancreas with infiltration of the surrounding fat 2. Peripancreatic fluid collections can often be seen 3. Pseudocysts, (encapsulated fluid collections containing pancreatic secretions, are later complications of pancreatitis)
Notice the peripancreatic stranding (bars) as well as the fluid thickening of the interfascial space
Pancreatic necrosis
Pancreatic pseudocyst
Appendicitis
Right lower quadrant pain, fever and leukocytosis are the classical clinical findings. CT and US are being used more often to confirm clinical suspicions and reduce the number of unnecessary laporotomies. General CT findings for acute appendicitis include: 1. Dilated appendix greater than 6 mm or visualization of an appendicolith with an appendix of any size 2. Peri-appendicial fat stranding
Inflammation- Colitis
Colitis, or inflammation of the colon, is a frequent cause of abdominal pain. Specific entities which produce inflammatory thickening of the colon include:Diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, pseudomembranous colitis, and other bacterial infections (i.e. typhlitis).
This example of colitis shows thickening of the colon .and pericolonic stranding typical of inflammation
Diverticulitis
USG Abdomen
USG: pencitraan bagian / organ dalam manusia dengan menggunakan gelombang suara ultra dengan frekuensi tinggi (MHz) yang menghasilkan gambaran organ yang dipindai tersebut
Hepar
pankrea s
Gall Blader
Yang dinilai
Kidney Lien
Prostat
Colon In Loop
Memasukan media kontras positif yaitu Barium
Sulphat (BaSO4) yang dimasukkan lewat anus. Media kontras positif adalah suatu zat yang dapat memberikan gambaran radio opak atau putih pada radiograf. Dan unsur dasar terbuat dari unsur yang bernomor atom tinggi.
kongenital
invaginasi
infeksi
Membantu diagnosis
volvulus
Kolitis Berat
perforasi
Kontra indikasi
Ileus paralitik
KU yang jelek