Lesson 21 AS PE Anatomy & Physiology

James Barraclough Blood Pressure

Starter
From last weeks lesson: In same pairs write 5 quiz questions to ask classmates on YOUR topics Khalifa & Aidan: functions of blood; blood viscosity & double circulatory system -Transportation, protection, homeostasis; Resistance, training; Pulmonary & systemic circulation Joe & Lamiko: blood vessels - Arteries/arterioles, veins/venules, capillaries, vasoconstriction/dilation, pre-capillary sphincters Robin & Ali: venous return mechanism - Muscle pump, pocket valves, respiratory pump, smooth muscle, gravity

Homework Answers

Aims: Blood Pressure

Objectives: ALL learners will be able to understand: Blood pressure Distribution of Cardiac Output at rest & during exercise

Blood Pressure
Blood pressure = force exerted by blood against walls of blood vessels Necessary to maintain blood flow though circulatory system Determined by 2 main factors 1) Cardiac Output volume of blood flowing into system from LV 2) Resistance to flow impedance offered by blood vessels to blood flow BP increases when either cardiac output or resistance increases BP in arteries also increases & decreases in pattern corresponding to cardiac cycle during ventricular systole COMPLETE QUIZ PART 1: 15 MINUTES

Quiz Answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

BP = cardiac output x resistance Usually measured at brachial artery Sphygnamometer Recorded as mmHg (millimetres of Mercury) of systolic pressure over diastolic pressure SYSTOLE pressure is experienced when the heart pumps blood into the system DIASTOLIC pressure is recorded when the heart is relaxing and filling with blood. Highest when blood pumped into aorta Lowest during ventricular diastole Typical Reading = 120mmHg 80mmHg

USING BP MONITOR TAKE & RECORD YOUR OWN BP

Blood Vessels & Pressure

BP & Exercise Quiz Part 2

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3. 4. 5.

Aerobic exercise - systolic pressure increases as result of increased cardiac output & diastolic pressure remains constant (in well trained athletes may even drop as blood feeds into working muscles) adequate blood supplied to working muscles (graph next slide) Isometric/anaerobic exercise both systolic & diastolic pressure rise significantly due to increased resistance of blood vessels (graph next slide) High BP can lead to serious problems with heart, brain & kidneys Constant high BP = HYPERTENSION Low BP can mean insufficient O & nutrients reaching muscle cells http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWti317qb_w

Distribution of Cardiac Output Part 3

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8.

15 20% Liver (27%) & kidneys (22%) During exercise blood redirected to areas most in need Up to 80% VASCULAR SHUNT MECHANISM Redistribution of blood determined by vasoconstriction & vasodilation of arterioles Lactic acid, carbon dioxide; chemoreceptors Blood & Oxygen, waste http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cR2N59zegSE

Blood Flow at Rest & During Exercise

Blood Distribution at Rest

Vasomotor Control
Sympathetic nerves (SN) also important in

redistributing blood from 1 area of body to another Tunica Media (smooth muscle layer of blood vessels) controlled by SNS Remains in state of slight contraction = vasomotor tone Increase in sympathetic stimulation vasoconstriction of blood flow to lesser needed areas & redistributed to areas in more need As SN control decreases vasodilation occurs & blood flow allowed back to that part

Vasomotor Control

Pre-capillary sphincters are structures that also aid blood redistribution: Ring-shaped muscles at openings of capillaries Control blood flow into capillary bed When sphincter contracts restricts blood flow through capillary & deprives tissue of O When it relaxes increases blood flow to capillary bed

Recap Activity

Mind Map

Homework

Next Lesson
Transport of O2 & CO2

Effects of warm-up & cool-down

Health-related considerations