Global Geography (Geog 10)

Geography games
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/

India

India
Population 1.12 billion Capital: New Delhi Largest city: Mumbai Major Cities:
Bangalore Delhi Hyderabad Kolkata Mumbai

 India holds two of the world's largest metropolitan areas. Mumbai (formerly Bombay) has over 16 million people and is the world's fifth largest area Calcutta is the tenth largest and has a population of 12 million.

South Asia - Population

Densely populated more than 7 times the world average 1.6 billion people in the World

India vs. China - Population

India is projected to overtake China as the worlds most populous country by 2040 High growth rate 1.7% HIV/AIDS a major wild card

India
Population: 1 billion (1/4 of everyone on planet) Only a quarter of them have access to clean water Half are illiterate

Pre-Monsoon

Post Monsoon

Ganges
Ganges

Photo credit: Karl Grobl Photo obtained from: http://www.karlgrobl.com/Ganges/

28 states, 7 territories

States and Territories

28 states: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab and Rajasthan. 7 union territories: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Daman, Diu, Delhi, Lakshadweep and Pondicherry.

History of India
Trade routes Vast Empires British colony (mid 1800s 1947)
Gandhi

India Today
Worlds 4th largest economy (purchasing power) Problems:
Poverty and illiteracy Malnutrition Environmental degradation

Kashmir

Conflict in Kashmir
1947 Creation of the two countries
Secular, mostly Hindu India Muslim nation of Pakistan

Conflict between Hindus and Muslims in Kashmir dates back to British rule before partition. India and Pakistan are technically still waiting for a UN decision on where the final border between the two countries will be. Civil war has erupted repeatedly and sporadic fighting continues along the boundary line. Both India and Pakistan have nuclear weapons.

Jammu and Kashmir

Languages
Hindi, Bengali and 13 other (official) languages, including Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit. Hindustani is widely spoken in the north, and English is, for the most part, the language of modern business.

Relgions
Five major religions Hindu (80%), Muslim (13%), others Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated here

Slums
The United Nation's Human Development Index rates India the third worst in Asia, just above Bangladesh and Laos; there are millions of poor living in urban slums. Video: Slum Futures (20 min)

Culture
http://www.mapsofindia.com/culture/indiaculture.html

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

As of 2007, a total of 851 sites are listed: 660 cultural, 166 natural, and 25 mixed properties, in 142 States Parties A specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State Parties (countries) Aims to catalogue, name, and conserve sites of outstanding cultural or natural importance to the common heritage of humanity.

UNESCO Sites - India

Cultural
Agra Fort (1983) Ajanta Caves (1983) Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989) Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004) Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) (2004) Churches and Convents of Goa (1986) Elephanta Caves (1987) Ellora Caves (1983) Fatehpur Sikri (1986) Great Living Chola Temples (1987) Group of Monuments at Hampi (1986) Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (1984) Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (1987) Humayun's Tomb, Delhi (1993) Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986) Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (2002) Mountain Railways of India (1999) Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi (1993) Red Fort Complex (2007) Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003) Sun Temple, Konrak (1984) Taj Mahal (1983)

Natural Kaziranga National Park (1985)

Keoladeo National Park (1985) Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985) Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks (1988) Sundarbans National Park (1987)

The Taj Mahal

Mausoleum located in Agra, India, that was built under Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Completed in 1648

Bollywood
Bombay + Hollywood More films than Hollywood

Indian Diaspora
SE Asians living or born abroad Earliest migrations were to eastern Africa In the US, citizens and residents of South Asian origin now form the wealthiest ethnic group (US census) Brain drain Many Indians are opposed to diaspora because of degrading Western influence on cultures back home

Bangalore (or Bengalru)

Indias Silicon Valley Indias 3rd largest city 85% of Indians in the state of Karnataka do not have access to a computer

Outsourcing and Call Centers

It costs less $2/hr goes a lot further there
Labor Real estate Other costs warehouse, insurance, etc.

Less governmental and environmental restrictions There are willing employees many are educated Downside to US: loss of jobs, decreased pay and benefits Not just manufacturing computer/services

Outsourcing vs Offshoring
Short-term contracts with 3rd party company vs Moving a business to another country

Benefits to Outsourcing
Cheaper products Access to variety of products Decreased inflation Businesses have more profits to invest

The Cost of Low Prices

Ever-cheaper prices have consequences We want clean air, clear water, good living conditions, the best health care in the world--yet we aren't willing to pay for anything manufactured under those restrictions

Caste System
Ancient system of dividing society into hereditary, hierarchical categories Jati subcaste or community
Varna: four main tiers/divisions
Brahmins priestly caste Kshatriyas warriors and rulers Vaishyas landowning farmers and merchants Sudras low-status laborers and artisans

Harijans so low no caste (perform tasks no one else will do) Adivasis also outside caste system descendents of regions ancient original inhabitants

Caste System
Caste and class not the same (class=economic status) Gandhi (leader during Indias fight for Independence) began effort to eliminate untouchability
Indias constitution now bans caste discrimination Affirmative action program

Video on Caste System

20 minutes

Women in SE Asia
Status lower than men
Northwest in Afghanistan across western India and into Bangladesh

Most women are in arranged marriage Dowry price paid to husbands family
Outlawed, but still persists Cripples many poor families

Bride Burning widower marries again, collects another dowry Female Infanticide too costly to have daughters

Improving Womens Status

Education Training Access to Internet Radio program in Afghanistan Organizations Government council and parliament seats reserved for women

Bindi
Hindu women wear it on forehead as decoration Thought to protect them and their husbands Symbolizes opening of their third eye Usually made with vermillion (mercury) Yoga/Aryuvedic principles chakra thought to prevent the loss of energy there Non- married/non-Hindus now wear

Sari
Long cloth Worn wrapped around and over shoulder Choli sari blouse worn underneath