Antenna Basics

Contents
Antenna Antenna Basic Omni and Sector antennas Antenna system Antenna Tilt Antenna types and Applications BTS Architecture Antenna Configurations for sector Sites

Microcell antenna configuration

Dual band configuration with separated GSM and DCS antenna Dual Band Antenna Setup Antenna Types Used in Mobilink

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Antenna

Antennas are metallic structures designed for radiating and receiving electromagnetic energy. An antenna acts as a transitional structure between the guiding device (e.g. waveguide, transmission line) and the free space.

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Antenna Basic
Radiation Pattern Directivity Antenna Gain Bandwidth Input Impedance Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) Antenna Efficiency Polarization

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Antenna Basic

Radiation Pattern

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Antenna Basic

Directivity Antenna Gain

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Antenna Basic

Bandwidth

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Antenna Basic

Input Impedance Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) Antenna Efficiency

50 ohms
Antenna Eff. = (antenna reflection eff.)*(antenna radiation eff.)

Feeder

Antenna 50 ohms 80 ohms

Example

forward: 10W 50 ohms reverse: 0.5W 80 ohms 9.5 W

0.5 10

1 1 0.2236 VSWR 1.576 1 1 0.2236

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Antenna Basic

Polarization
An antennas polarization is relative to the E-field of antenna.

Vertical

Horizontal

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Antenna Basic

+ 45degree slant

- 45degree slant

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V/H (Vertical/Horizontal)

Slant (+/- 45)

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Antenna Basic
Polarization From the transmission point of view cross polarized antennas are used in order to introduce air combining. When air combining with cross polar antennas is introduced, one TRX will be transmitted on the +45 inclined branch, the other will be transmitted on the -45 inclined branch. With air combining a combiner can be saved, resulting in 3 dB lower path loss. On the other hand, transmitting a signal on a 45 inclined branch introduces 2 dB additional losses compared to a vertical transmitted signal. This has to be accordingly taken into account in the link budget. Therefore the max. path loss is slightly increased by ca. 1dB (=3dB2dB) using a cross polar antenna with air combining compared to a vertical polarized antenna without air combining.

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Omni and Sector antennas

Omni Antenna

Sector Antenna

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Antenna system

Mechanical Antenna Support Structures Antennas including mounting clamps and mechanical downtilt kit Feeder cable including installation sets (clamps) Accessories (earthing kits, wall glands, plugs, jumper cables)

Options are: Power dividers Duplex filters Tower mounted amplifier (TMA)

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Antenna Tilt

No down tilt

Electric down tilt

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Mechanical down tilt

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Antenna Tilt For an antenna height of 30m and a HPBW of 7

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Antenna types and Applications

Dual band Antennas Dual polarized Antennas Indoor Antennas Outdoor Antennas

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BTS Architecture
Transceiver (TRX) Power amplifier (PA) Combiner Duplexer Antenna Alarm extension system Control function Baseband receiver unit (BBxx)

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Antenna Configurations for sector Sites

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Antenna Configurations for sector Sites

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Microcell antenna configuration

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Dual band configuration with separated GSM and DCS antenna

Separated GSM and DCS Antenna

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Dual Band Antenna Setup

Combined GSM and DCS Antenna

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Antenna Types Used in Mobilink

KTH_GSM_088_00-07_00ET_73966 RFS_DBD_065_00-10_00ET_APX15GV ARG_DBD_065_00-10_01ET_CJPX308

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