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Administrative
SVN
Students need to follow the instructions here https://agora.cs.uiuc.edu/display/tsg/Subver sion+Service
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Video on Demand
Multimedia Files
Multimedia Issues
Analog to digital Problem: need to be acceptable to ears or eyes
Jitter
Audio
Sound is a continuous wave that travels through the air. The wave is made up of pressure differences.
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electrical voltage input sample voltage levels at intervals to get a vector of values: (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.1, 1.5, 2.3, 2.5, 3.1, 3.0, 2.4,...) A computer measures the amplitude of the waveform at regular time intervals to produce a series of numbers (samples). The ADC process is governed by various factors such as sample rate and quantization: binary number as output
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PCM provides analog samples which must be converted to digital representation. Each of these analog samples must be assigned a binary code. Each sample is approximated by being quantized as explained next.
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quantization Voice quality: 8-bit quantization, 8000 Hz u-law mono (8kBytes/s) 22 kHz 8-bit linear mono (22 kBytes/second) and stereo (44 kBytes/s) CD quality 16-bit quantization, 44100 Hz linear stereo (176.4 kBytes/s = 44100 samples x 16 bits/sample x 2 (two channels)/8000)
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Resolution: 833x635 picture elements Refresh Rate: 30 Hz Aspect Ratio: 4:3 Interlaced format :
Each frame is composed of two consecutive fields, each containing half the scanning lines of a picture, which are scanned and presented in interlaced mode.
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Output of digital video goes mostly to raster displays which have large video RAM memories. These displays use for presentation of color systems the Color Look Up Table (lut).
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Resolution:
twice as many horizontal and vertical columns and lines than conventional systems (NTSC) Two resolution systems High 1440 Level with 1,440x1,152 pixels High Level with 1,920x1,152 pixels
Frame rate: 50 or 60 frames per second Aspect Ratio: 16:9 Interlaced and/or progressive scanning formats
Conventional systems use interlaced (alternation of scanning lines) format HDTV similar to computer displays, uses progressive scanning
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Summary
Audio and Video Encoding principles are very important, set the basis for digitization Different Digital Audio, Image and Video Formats, not much standardization across continents/countries, hence difficult to build multimedia systems Multimedia systems are behind other systems such as web systems, grid systems, operating systems, due to the large space in audio and video formats.
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