Mata Kuliah:

SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPON

Keamanan
Internasional

DAMPAKNYA BAGI KEAMANAN INTERNASIONAL

Dosen Pembimbing:

Drs. Dafri Agussalim, MA

HI UGM 2013

Kelompok 2
(NIM:13/352553/PSP/4676) (NIM:13/352095/PSP/4654) (NIM:13/355879/PSP/4813) (NIM:13/357057/PSP/4853) Adi Rio Arianto Salamun Dian Trianita Lestari Evita Nasikhatun Listya Atika Farah

Senjata yang lazim umum, biasa digunakan tidak termasuk senjata atom, nuklir, kimia dan biologi, dalam hal ini adalah Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) is a term used in arms control protocols to refer to two main classes of weapons: Small arms: hand-held small caliber firearms, usually consisting of handguns, rifles, shotguns, manual, semiautomatic, and full automatic weapons and man-portable machineguns. Light weapons: Includes a wide range of medium-caliber and explosive ordnance, including man-portable and vehicle-mounted antipersonnel, antitank and antiaircraft rockets, missiles, grenade launchers, rocket launchers, landmines, antiaircraft guns, mortars, hand grenades and rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs).

PBB (1997): small arms adalah senjata-senjata yang khusus dibuat dengan spesifikasi militer yang di desain untuk digunakan secara perorangan, dan berbeda dari senjata berat yang membutuhkan beberapa orang untuk mengoperasikan dan memeliharanya.

Lebih spesifik: Small Arms and Light Weapons include weapons such as hand guns, pistols, sub-machine guns, mortars, landmines, grenades, and light missiles.

During the cold war, many nations were flooded with small arms by powerful nations such as the USA and the former Soviet Union and their major allies. Even though the cold war has ended, the small arms still remain and help fuel political and ethnic differences into conflict. first raised in1995: The missing of index military complex after cold war, then appear of arms jumping Gone long ago is the time when we Europeans could subdue other continents because we had firearms and the local peoples had not. In 1999 it was reported that an AK-47 assault rifle could be bought in Uganda for the price of a chicken.

 Long-life; Low

maintenance; Relatively cheap and easily available; Highly portable and so easily concealable. Therefore makes it easy for things like: Illicit trafficking; Operation by young children. (There are an estimated 300,000 child soldiers in the world.)

 Supplier:

The five permanent members of the UN Security CouncilFrance, Russia, China, the UK, and the USA together account for 88 per cent of the worlds conventional arms exports; and these exports contribute regularly to gross abuses of human rights.
Demander:

Vietnam has reportedly transferred weapons to Myanmar; Lebanon, Liberia, Burkina Faso, and Niger have transferred weapons to Sierra Leone; Namibia to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Angola; Burkina Faso to Benin.

Isi Perjanjian ATT, perdagangan senjata internasional akan dibatasi atau dilarang, jika bertujuan untuk:

Digunakan dalam pelanggaran hak asasi manusia atau hukum humanitarian internasional yang serius, atau tindakan genosida dan kejahatan kemanusiaan; Memfasilitasi serangan terorisme, kekerasan gender, ataupun kejahatan terorganisir lainnya; Melanggar kewajiban-kewajiban yang ditetapkan dalam Piagam PBB, termasuk embargo senjata PBB; Mempengaruhi keamanan regional, dan Pengrusakan serius terhadap upaya pengentasan kemiskinan atau pembangunan sosial ekonomi lainnya.

Positif:
States and also individual legal owners rely on for their defense needs Supplying arms is to held fulfill the security requirements of allies and friends Increasing national security and prestige Accumulation of arms power : tends to balance the global security

Negatif:
Akumulasi

yang berlebihan dan ketersediaan yang cukup luas memperburuk ketegangan, Small arms and light weapons destabilize regions, this is because they: 1. Spark, fuel and prolong conflicts; 2. Obstruct relief programes; 3. Undermine peace initiatives; 4. Exacerbate human rights abuses; 5. Hamper development; and 6. Foster a culture of violence.

While international attention is focused on the need to control weapons of mass destruction, the trade in conventional weapons continues to operate in a legal and moral vacuum. More and more countries are starting to produce small arms, many with little ability or will to regulate their use. Permanent UN Security Council membersthe USA, UK, France, Russia, and Chinadominate the world trade in arms.

 Most

national arms controls are riddled with loopholes or barely enforced. Key weaknesses are lax controls on the brokering, licensed production, and end use of arms. Arms get into the wrong hands through weak controls on firearm ownership, weapons management, and misuse by authorised users of weapons.

PBB: In June 1999, a workshop was held at Lima on the topic Illicit Traffic in Small Arms: Latin American and Caribbean issues. The workshop was part of the Secretary Generals Mandate under General Assembly resolution 53/77 T of 4 December 1998 to conduct broadbased consultations on illicit trafficking in small arms.

Member states are still far away from achieving global legal standards We need greater recognition that domestic laws and international policies are interdependent We need greater recognition that the legal and the illegal markets for small arms are interrelated, that many illicit transfers start out as legal ones, and that small arms are responsible for deaths and destruction whether they are technically held illegally or not. The minimal requirement on governments to report to the UN on their small arms activities and efforts is woefully low and must be raised.

Terima kasih

Danke schon

SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN POLITIK UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA YOGYAKARTA 2013