.

CT

Calculation

Required by Law Math for Water Technology MTH 082 (pg. 468)

C.T calculation
C is the concentration of chlorine, T is the amount of time the water has been in contact with chlorine before the first user. Calculated daily and compared against the EPA CT Required Table
EPA rules states - Measurements must be taken on the same day of the week, every week, for one year (52 measurements), during peak hourly flow for that day. Data can be measured manually or with on-line instrumentation.

. CT

Calculation Problems

To calculate the contact time T, the results of a recent tracer study must be used!! The peak flow must be measured from the effluent side of the clearwell or contact chamber, NOT the flow through the plant. The chlorine residual, pH, and temperature values used to calculate CT must be measured at the effluent side of the clearwell or contact chamber, or before the first user.

CT Calculation Problems
When using the EPA CT tables, make sure you

round down for temperature, and round up for pH.

log-reduction must equal 3.0 for Giardia

For surface water systems without filtration, the Surface Water Treatment Rule requires public water systems to?
1. Provide coagulation and filtration 2. Maintain a C X T value above the minimum value 3. Continuously sample for total coliforms 4. Maintain public notification
25% 25% 25% 25%

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gu

ai nt ai n

ou sl

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Pr ov

on

ai nt ai n

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id e

pu b

li. .

In the application of chlorine for disinfection, which of the following is not normally an operational consideration?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Mixing Contact time Dissolved oxygen pH None of these answers are correct
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%

ng

im e

yg

pH

...

ix i

ta c

ol ve

on

is s

on

of

th es

tt

ox

...

The chlorine residual, pH, and temperature values used to calculate CT must be measured at?
1. effluent side of the clearwell 2. effluent side of the contact chamber 3. before the first user 4. Any of the above would be ok
25% 25% 25% 25%

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...

..

fir .

si d

si d

th e

flu e

flu e

fo re

be

ny

ef

ef

of

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The C.T calculation must be calculated

1. 2. 3. 4.

Once a year Once a month Once a week Once a day

a e nc O

25% 25% 25% 25%

ar

ee k

th

ye

m on

nc

nc

nc

da

The peak flow must be measured as total flow through the plant?
1. True 2. False

50%

50%

Tr ue

Fa

ls e

The final C.T calculation has what units?

1. 2. 3. 4.

Mg/L Lbs/day mg-min/L time

M

25%

25%

25% 25%

Lb

gm in /

s/ da

tim e

g/ L

What is the acceptable log reduction for Giardia?

1. 2. 3. 4.

1 2 3 4

25%

25%

25%

25%

What is the acceptable log reduction for viruses?

1. 2. 3. 4.

1 2 3 4

25%

25%

25%

25%

Four log removal is?

1. 2. 3. 4.

90.00 % 99.00 % 99.90 % 99.99 %

.0 0 90

25%

25%

25%

25%

.0 0

.9 0

99

99

99

.9 9

If your temperature is 8 degrees with a pH of 7.2, you should use the ____ degree page and the _____ pH table (please look at your tables).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5, 19 10, 8.5 5, 7.5 10, 7
5,

25%

25%

25%

25%

19

,8

7.

10

5,

10

,7

.5

Disinfection CTs have been established for?

1. Free chlorine 2. Chloramine 3. Chlorine dioxide 4. Ozone 5. All of the above
Fr ee

20% 20% 20% 20% 20%

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ch lo r in

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Disinfection C.T are impacted by which of the following?

1. Chlorine residual concentrations (mg/L) 2. Contact Time (min) 3. Water Temperature 4. Water pH 5. All of the above
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%

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C.T Calculation

T =contact time= Detention Time

the length of time water is retained in a vessel or basin

The units of T in the final CT calculation are ?

25% 25% 25% 25%

1. 2. 3. 4.

Seconds Minutes Hours Days

te s

nd s

rs

in u

ou

co

Se

ay

Determining T in CT?
Detention time (DT) = volume of tank = flow rate MG MGD (1440min)

(1day)

Want T value to be in minutes

T = volume X Baffle Factor (table) flow rate

Baffle Factor?
Poor circulation Baffling efficiency = 5-10%
in out

Poor circulation Baffling efficiency = 5-10%

in out

No circulation Baffling efficiency = 0%

in

out

Baffle Factor?
No circulation Baffling efficiency = 0%
in

Good circulation Baffling efficiency = 30-50%

in out

in

out

Superior circulation Baffling efficiency = 70%

Baffle Factor?
in out

Perfect circulation Baffling efficiency = 100%

Poor circulation/hydropneumatic tank Baffling efficiency = 10%

in

out

No circulation/Bladder type pressure tank Baffling efficiency = 0%

Baffle Factor?
Unbaffled Tank 0.1

Poor Baffling
Average Baffling

0.3
0.5

Superior baffling
Pipe Flow

0.7
1.0

How well the chlorine is in contact with the water

What is the average detention time in a basin that is 1240 ft3 when the flow rate is 4.1 MGD?
1. 2. 3. 4. 3.3 min .03 min 303 min 435,512 min
3 3.

25% 25% 25% 25%

m in

m in

m in

30

43

5,

51 2

.0

m in

What is the average detention time in a basin given the following: diameter = 80' depth = 12.2' flow = 5 MGD
1. 2. 3. 4. 132 min 101 min 144 min 105 min
25% 25% 25% 25%

m in

m in

m in

13

10

14

10

m in

Determine T at the effluent side of a superior baffled contact chamber basin that has the following: diameter = 30' depth = 15' flow = 700 gpm
1. 2. 3. 4. 65.8 min. 79.1 min 75 min. 86.1 min.
.8

25%

25%

25%

25%

m in .

m in

.1

m in .

65

79

75

86

.1

m in .

Determine T at the effluent side of a superior baffled contact chamber basin that has the following: Length
of = 30ft, width of 20 ft, depth = 15' flow = 700 gpm?
30 ft

DRAW:

Given: tank= L X W X D , Flow rate 700 gpm, BF=0.7 T= DT X BF Formula:T= volume of tank/flow rate X BF Vt= L X W X D Solve: Vt=30 ft X 20 ft X 15 ft= 9000 ft3 20 in
9000 ft3 (7.48 gal/1ft3)= 67320 gal ft DT=VT/FR X BF 15 ft Time = 67,320 gal/700gpm X 0.7 Time= 96.17 min X 0.7 Time= 67.32 min

700 gpm out

25% 25% 25% 25%

1. 2. 3. 4.

96.17 min 67.32 min 12.85 min 9 min

m in

m in

in

.1

.3

96

67

12

.8

m in

Disinfection CT Requirements Chlorine residual concentrations (mg/L) Contact Time (min) Water Temperature Water pH

Disinfection power= [residual chlorine] time o its contact

Disinfection CT Calculation CT= [disinfection concentration mg/L] contact

time (min)

CT units= mg/L min or mg min/L Required CT CTrequired is # established by EPA to provide

log inactivation. Based on Giardia cysts. Look up in charts

CT actual =[Residual chlorine]hydraulic detention timebaffle factor (table)

Disinfection CT Calculation

Hydraulic detention time = volume/flow rate

CTact/ CTreq= ratio must be > or = to 1.

CTact/ CTreq > 1.0 You want to make sure that you are actually meeting the necessary requirements

Disinfection CT Rules
1.Chlorine residuals used for CT calculations are measured after contact, but before first customer. 2. Contact times are determined by calculating the hydraulic detention time (HDT) as water flows through pipes and tanks. Based on highest flow of day.

Disinfection CT Rules

3. Water flowing through pipes

provides contact times that are equal to the calculated HDT. Circular or rectangular tanks used for contact time are given only partial credit due to short circuiting.