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Speech sounds
Fluency (rhythm of
(syntax)
Speech Disorder
Language Disorder
Trouble understanding others (receptive language disorder) Trouble expressing ideas, thoughts, and feelings (expressive language disorder) Language disorders & speech disorders can exist together or separately
Motor speech disorder Caused by neurological damage (typically from stroke). TBI, dementia, tumor, and progressive neurological disorders can also lead to Apraxia of Speech.) Severity depends on nature of brain damage
Linguistic expression is in tact (people with apraxia know what they want to say)
Difficulty with muscle movement coordination (cannot say the words they want to say) Make frequent tries and re-adjustments (motor plan is not in tact; constantly grope for correct set of movements for given word)
Difficulty imitating speech sounds Difficulty imitating non-speech movements (whistling, sticking out tongue, blowing bubbles) Groping for correct motor patterns when trying to produce sounds Inconsistent errors
Muscle retraining
In most cases cause is unknown Possible causes Genetic component? Stroke or brain injury
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lvl78dcXGp8&feature=related
Motor speech disorder Results from neurologic injury Characterized by poor articulation A disorder of muscle weakness (muscle of face, mouth, and/or respiratory system may be affected)
"Slurred" speech Speaking softly or barely able to whisper Slow rate of speech Rapid rate of speech with a "mumbling" quality Limited tongue, lip, and jaw movement Abnormal intonation (rhythm) when speaking Changes in vocal quality ("nasal" speech or sounding "stuffy") Hoarseness Breathiness Drooling or poor control of saliva Chewing and swallowing difficulty
Slowing speech rate Improving breath support Strengthening muscles Increasing mouth, tongue, and lip movement Improving articulation (for clearer speech)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHNSBo3SsmY
A disorder of language Neurological damage Stroke, tbi, tumor Understanding and expression of language impaired May co-occur with dysarthria and/or AOS Two broad types: fluent & nonfluent
Left temporal lobe damage (Wernickes area damaged) Signs/symptoms Long sentences; no meaning
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVhYN 7NTIKU&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2IiM EbMnPM&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1apl TvEQ6ew&feature=related
Abnormal prosody Results from damage to right hemisphere (the non-dominant hemisphere for language) Can be Expressive (produce inappropriate prosody) Receptive (cant interpret prosody of others)