A POWER GRID..

A POWER GRID IS A NETWORK OF TRANSMISSION LINES, THAT BRINGS POWER FROM GENERATING STATIONS TO THE LOAD CENTERS.
DURING LAST TWO DECADES THE GENERATION AND CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY HAS INCREASED MANIFOLD. IN ORDER TO TRANSMIT MORE POWER, MORE TRANSMISSION LINES ARE REQUIRED. IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE THE PROBLEM WITHOUT SACRIFICING SECURITY OF THE SYSTEM, A NEW CONCEPT OF SMART GRID IS BEING EXPLORED.

WHAT IS A SMART GRID??

THE SMART GRID IS A COMBINATION OF HARDWARE, MANAGEMENT AND REPORTING SOFTWARE, BUILT ATOP AN INTELLIGENT COMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE. IN THE WORLD OF THE SMART GRID, CONSUMERS AND UTILITY COMPANIES ALIKE HAVE TOOLS TO MANAGE, MONITOR AND RESPOND TO ENERGY ISSUES. THE FLOW OF ELECTRICITY FROM UTILITY TO CONSUMER BECOMES A TWO-WAY CONVERSATION, SAVING CONSUMERS MONEY, ENERGY, DELIVERING MORE TRANSPARENCY IN TERMS OF END-USER USE, AND REDUCING CARBON EMISSIONS.

The Smart Grid in large, sits at the intersection of Energy, IT and Telecommunication Technologies. The Success of smart grid depends on how best a communication system can be developed that is intelligent, secure and reliable. A smart grid can be considered as a platform where both the supply and the demand can meet

Features of smart grid

Increased use of digital information and controls technology to improve reliability, security and efficiency of the grid. Deployment of smart technologies for metering, communications concerning grid operations and status. Provision of full cyber security. Accommodate traditional, centralized generation and transmission resources and consumer distributed resources. Uniform, flexible to incorporate regional and organizational differences and technological innovations.

Components Of A Smart Grid

A smart grid consists of three basic pieces
smart devices.

two- way communications. advanced software.

Smart devices
smart devices such as meters, monitors and intelligent electronic devices gather information about the flow of power and the condition of the equipment. They transmit the information over a two-way communication path. Measure and monitor what is going on.

TWO-WAY COMMUNICATIONS
In a smart grid system there is communication from both the customer and supplier. Both can access and modify the data as per the requirement. communications are more common typical systems that resemble WI-FI networks. Many systems are a hybrid, incorporating cellular or the other forms of technology.

ADVANCED SOFTWARE
The smart devices send the information over the communications systems to other devices and control centers. Advanced software gathers and analyzes data from these devices and uses the information to create powerful applications.

SMART GRID TECHNOLOGYWORKING

HOW TO TRANSFORM EXISTING GRID CREATING A TOOLBOX OF PROVEN TECHNICAL

SOLUTIONS THAT CAN DECREASE COST AND INCREASES EFFICIENCY. ESTABLISHING SHARED TECHNICAL STANDARDS AND PROTOCOLS THAT WILL ENSURE OPEN ACCESS. DEVELOPING INFORMATION, COMPUTING AND TELE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS. ENSURING SUCCESSFUL INTERFACING.

SMART GRID MODELS

1.Conceptual reference model 2.Architectural reference model

Referential model

Smart Grid in Power Sector

Asset Management

TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION

HVDC and UHVAC etc.

Advance Metering Infrastructures Asset Management etc.

SYSTEM OPERATIONS

Self Healing Grids Adaptive Islanding etc.

Smart Grid in Distribution

DISTRIBUTION AUTOMIZATION
DEMAND OPTIMIZATION - SELECTIVE LOAD CONTROL OPERATION ISLANDING OF MICRO-GRIDS

DEVELOPMENT LEADS TO
1. REDUCING WASTE 2. INTEGRATING RENEWABLE. 3. MINIMIZING IMPACT OF OUTAGES.

4. CONSUMER ENERGY MANAGEMENT.

5. ENABLING ELECTRICAL VEHICLES 6. IMPROVING RELIABILITY.

Barriers.
1.Cost. 2.Regulatory barriers. 3.Lack of open standards.

Conclusion....
The current climate demands change in the way electricity is supplied. The implementation of smart grid brings benefits and challenges to utility and consumers. Eventually however, the smart grid will make the supply of electricity more efficient and reliable.