THERMAL HYDRAULICS SIMULATION

IRC

Motivation
Why Simulation ? We need to know more about the Reactor Plant (PWR, BWR, Research) behavior under normal and accidental conditions. Can not do every experiment on actual reactors --- why? Experimental mockups --- limited use. Computer simulation is the only choice for large complex systems.

Objectives of Module
Learn the underlying mathematical models for TH modeling. Select and focus on a computer code RELAP5 Learn the basics of RELAP5 to
Understand existing TH models Make small changes in existing TH models

This module does not cover ALL features of RELAP5

Options for Computer Codes

Many TH codes available conservative and best estimate codes Varying capabilities and applications 1. RELAP5 --- PWR, BWR 2. COBRA --- Rod Bundle (PWR) 3. TRAC 4. CONTAIN 5. Etc.

Choosing Relap5
RELAP5 is the most widely used systems TH code in the world Accepted by IAEA for Reactor Safety Analyses studies Models of most practical systems are already available (e.g. PWRs, Res. Reac.) Large user community Extensive references Widely accepted mathematical models

Reactor Excursion and Leak Analysis Program

RELAP
IRC

Basic Equations for Thermal Hydraulics

1-D , 2-Phase Non-Equilibrium Transient equations are solved:
Continuity Equations for each phase Momentum Equations for each phase Energy Equations for each phase (Almost in the same form as given in Kazimi but for 1D) Pressure, P Specific Internal Energies of Phases: ug, uf Phasic Velocities (1D): vg, vf Void Fraction: Non-Condensable Quality: Xn Boron Density: b

The 8 independent field variables solved are:

A number of State Relationships, Constitutive Models and Physical Property data is available in the RELAP5 Code (See Volume-1 of Code Manual for these equations)

Two Fluid model Continuity Equation

We have seen the governing equations of two fluid model. The Continuity Equations are:

Interfacial Mass Transfer Conditions:

Momentum Equation
Momentum Equations:

Energy Equations

User guidelines manuals and supplement give basics

RELAP5 (only) - Vols. I, II and V SCDAP/RELAP5 - Vol. III Detailed input
Appendix A (R5 vol II, SR5 vol III) Appendix A (RSIM HTML)

Supplemental input manual for RELAP/SCDAPSIM

Running RELAP5
Mod3.2
relap5 -i [file.i] -o [file.o] -r [file.r] file.i - input file name (default - indta) file.o - output file name (default - outdta) file.r - restart plot file name (default - rstplt) -s [file.s] strip/extract output file [default - stripf]

Running RELAP5
Mod3.3 onwards
From command line Run relap-loader.bat A GUI will be opened to assist file specs

The Modular Structure

RELAP5 INPUT STRUCTURE

Typical input file includes
Hydrodynamic component data Heat structure data Trip logic and control system data Reactor kinetics data General table data Plot request data

INPUT CARD NUMBERS

(Case) Control options (100-199) Time step options (200-299) Minor edits (301-399) Trips (400-799 and 20600000-20620000) Hydrodynamic components (CCCXXNN)

INPUT CARD NUMBERS

Heat structures (1CCCGXNN) Heat structure thermal properties (201MMMnn) General tables (202TTTNN) Kinetics (30000000-3099999) Control Systems (20500000)

A Simple Problem
Consider flow of water through a vertical pipe between two tanks. The process involves few Hydrodynamic Components. The Input File should contain all information required to solve the problem

A Simple Problem
25 foot long vertical pipe 1 sq. ft. flow area Water Sink pressure - 50. Psia Source pressure - 150 Psia Temperature - 120 o F

Schematic Diagram
Source Vessel 150 psia

Vertical Pipe 25 ft

Sink Vessel 50 psia

Nodalization
A schematic representation of Process Flow Diagram for the purpose of:
Component identification Flow sequence development 1D Discretization

Nodalization Diagram

Junction P i p e Junction

Input File Startup

These Starting Cards are needed for each file:
Card 100 Problem-Type Options
Format: 100 W1 W2
W1: Problem Type (NE, RESTART, PLOT etc) W2: Options (STDY-ST, TRANSNT etc.)

Example: 100 new transnt

Input File Startup

Card 101 Input Check or Run
This card is optional. Controls whether to check Input File or not

Card 102 Unit Control

Format: 102 W1 W2
W1: Input Unit system W2: Output Unit system BRITISH and SI are supported Ws

Example: 102 british si

Input File Startup

Card 103 is Restart Plot Input Control This card is required for Non-NEW Cases Card 104 is Restart Plot File Control This card is optional

Input File Startup

Card 105 CPU Time Remaining and Diagnostic Edit Card This card is optional
Format: 105 W1 W2 W3 W4 W5
W1(R) CPU remaining limit 1 (s). W2(R) CPU remaining limit 2 (s). W3(R) CPU time allocated (s). This quantity is optional. W4(I) Debug control word (Optional) W5(I) Debug control word (Optional)

Example: 105 10.0 40.0 200.0

Input File Startup

Card 110 Noncondensible Gas Species
Specifications of Noncondensible gases (Optional) A Maximum of 5 out of following Species can be entered:
argon, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, xenon, krypton, air

Format: 110 W1 W2 Wn

Card 115 Noncondensible Mass Fractions

Must Follow Card 110 Format 115 W1 W2 . Wn
Example: 110 air 115 1.0

Input File Startup

Cards 201 through 299, Time Step Control At least one of these cards is required for NEW problems
Format: 201 W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7
W1 (R): Time End (seconds) W2 (R): Minimum Time Step (Any +ve number < 1 e -06) W3 (R): Maximum (or Requested) Time Step W4 : Packed word ssdtt for output control ( 3 is recommended see details in manuals) Words 5, 6, and 7 specify the minor, major, and restart edit frequencies as integer multiples of the maximum time step size

Example: 201 20.0 1e-06 0.05 3 1 50 2000

Input File Startup

CARDS 20300nnm
PLOT REQUEST INPUT DATA

Format: 20300nnm W1 W2 W3 nn: Graph ID number 1 -99 (A max of 40 graphs can be printed at a time) m: set of variables to be plotted on the same graph (0-4) W1: Alphanumeric part of variable name (see list in Section A4 App) W2: Parameter part of variable name. W3: Axis number and linear/logarithmic scale indicator
( -2,-1,0,1,2)

Example: 20300011 mflowj 120000000 1 20300012 mflowj 127000000 1

Input File Hydrodynamic Components

Various Hydrodynamic Components can be Modeled:
Single-Volume Component Time-Dependent Volume Component Single-Junction Component Time-Dependent Junction Component Pipe/Annulus Component Branch, Separator, Jet-mixer, Turbine, and ECC-Mixer Components Valve Component Pump Component Multiple-Junction Component Accumulator Component

Input File Hydrodynamic Components

Input Requirements for Hydrodynamics
all flow areas and volumes vertical orientations hydraulic diameters (or equiv. Information) flow loss geometries (or test or plant data) initial conditions (or estimates for ss calc.)

Input File Hydrodynamic Components

General Format: CCCXXNN
CCC: Component ID number XX: Card Type NN: Card number within Card Type

Starting Card CCC0000 Format: CCC0000 W1 W2

This Card is required to introduce every Hydro-Component CCC is the component ID W1: 8 character component name in quotes (abcdefgh) W2: Component Type (SNGLVOL, TMDPVOL, SNGLJUN, TMDPJUN, PIPE, ANNULUS, BRANCH, SEPARATR, JETMIXER, TURBINE, ECCMIX, VALVE, PUMP, ACCUM, DELETE)

Example:
1100000 "source" tmdpvol 1200000 "sngljuni" sngljun 1250000 "stmpipe" pipe

Input File Hydrodynamic Components

Single-Volume SNGLVOL (CCC0101 through CCC0109)
SNGLVOLs are most basic volume component. Not used frequently Details are same as for Time Dependant Volume

Time Dependant Volume TMDPVOL (CCC0101 through CCC0109)

Time-dependent volume must be used wherever fluid can enter or leave the system being simulated. Geometric information same as for single volume

Hydrodynamic Component TMDPVOL

Format: CCC0000 name TMDPVOL Format: CCC0101 W1 W2 W9
W1(R) Volume flow area (m 2 , ft 2 ). W2(R) Length of volume (m, ft). W3(R) Volume of volume (m 3 , ft 3 ). The program requires that the volume equals the volume flow area times the length (W3 = W1W2). W4(R) Azimuthal angle (degrees). (< 360 degrees.) For possible drawing of nodalization diagrams. W5(R) Inclination angle (degrees). (The absolute value of this angle must be < 90 degrees with an upward inclination, i.e., the inlet is at the lowest elevation. This angle is used in the interphase drag calculation. W6(R) Elevation change (m, ft).

 Cyl & Spherical Coord. System

Cylinder

Sphere

Hydrodynamic Component TMDPVOL

W7(R): W8(R): W9(I) :

CCC0101 continued Wall roughness (m, ft). Hydraulic diameter (m, ft). Volume control flags. Packed format tlpvbfe

t: Thermal front tracking model is to be used; t = 0 or 1 l: Mixture level tracking model is to be used; l = 0 or 1 p: Water packing scheme is to be used. p = 0 or 1 v: vertical stratification model is to be used. v = 0 or 1 b: interphase friction that is used. b = 0 or 1 f: wall friction is to be computed. f = 0 or 1 e: nonequilibrium or equilibrium is to be used. e = 0 (nonequilibrium, unequal temperature) e = 1 (equilibrium, equal temperature)

Example: * fa l vol azi vert dz rough hyd d flags 1100101 20.0 0.0 1.0e6 0.0 -90.0 -5.0e4 0.0 0.0 0000000

Hydrodynamic Component TMDPVOL

The Azimuthal & Inclination Angles

Hydrodynamic Component TMDPVOL

CCC02NN Initial Conditions Cards CCC0200 ebt (Control Card)
e = 0 (default fluid); 1 (H20); 2 (D2O) b = 0 means no boron t determines how CCC0201 to CCC0209 will be entered t = 0 to 3 means only one component (water / steam) t = 4 to 6 means more than one components (water / steam & noncondensibles)

Hydrodynamic Component TMDPVOL

If t = 0, the next four words are interpreted as pressure (Pa, lb f /in 2), liquid specific internal energy (J/kg, Btu/lb), vapor specific internal energy (J/kg, Btu/lb), and vapor void fraction all in non-equilibrium conditions. If t = 1, the next two words are interpreted as temperature (K, o F) and static quality in equilibrium condition. If t = 2, the next two words are interpreted as pressure (Pa, lb f /in 2 ) and quality in equilibrium condition. If t = 3, the next two words are interpreted as pressure (Pa, lb f /in 2 ) and temperature (K, o F) equilibrium condition. (See Manual For Detail about noncondensible)

Hydrodynamic Component TMDPVOL

CCC0201 to CCC0299 TMDPVOL Data Cards Format: CCC02NN W1, W2 .. W7
W1: Search Variable (e.g. Time) Could be some other time dependant variable

W2 .. W7: Variable Values according to the value of t in Card CCC0200

Hydrodynamic Component TMDPVOL

Example
** steam inlet volume 0010000 srcv1 tmdpvol * fa len vol a-ang v-ang dz rou Hyd flag 0010101 1.0e-1 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.e-5 0.0 00 * Initial Conditions 0010200 003 *CCC0201 Time P T 0010201 0.0 2.2e5 750.0 0010202 3420.0 2.2e5 750.0 0010203 3540.0 2.2e5 750.0 0010207 6000.0 2.2e5 443.0

Hydrodynamic Component TMDPVOL

Another simple example, a TMDPVOL that is to represent a constant pressure atmospheric containment boundary condition for a LOCA simulation. Assume that no reverse flow from the containment to the coolant system is anticipated, such as would be the case for a small break. For this purpose, TMDPVOL 580 may be input as follows: *hydro name type 5800000 "contain" tmdpvol *hydro area length volume horiz vert elev rough dh flags 5800101 1.e6 0. 1.e6 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 00010 *hydro ebt trip alphacode numericcode 5800200 003 *hydro time pressure temp 5800201 0. 14.7 213.

Hydrodynamic Component TMDPVOL

Another simple example, a TMDPVOL that is to represent a constant pressure atmospheric containment boundary condition for a LOCA simulation. Assume that no reverse flow from the containment to the coolant system is anticipated, such as would be the case for a small break. For this purpose, TMDPVOL 580 may be input as follows: *hydro name type 5800000 "contain" tmdpvol *hydro area length volume horiz vert elev rough dh flags 5800101 1.e6 0. 1.e6 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 00010 *hydro ebt trip alphacode numericcode 5800200 003 *hydro time pressure temp 5800201 0. 14.7 213.

Hydrodynamic Component
Single junctions (SNGLJUN)
Basic hydrodynamic flow unit used to Join two Hydro Components Information needed for junction card From volume To volume Forward and reverse loss coefficients Models to be used Initial liquid and vapor velocities or mass flows Models that can be selected include counter current flow horizontal stratification choking area changes - (smooth or abrupt) momentum equation needed crossflow

Hydrodynamic Component
Single junctions (SNGLJUN)
CCC0000 name SNGLJUN CCC0101 .. CCC0109 are Junction Geometry Cards
Format: CCC010N W1 .. W9

W1(I):
FROM connection code to a component.
CCC000000 if the connection is to the inlet side of the component CCC010000 if the connection is to the outlet side of the component (CCC in the above two numbers belong to the component connected)

W2(I):
TO connection code to a component (same format as for FROM).

Hydrodynamic Component
Single junctions (SNGLJUN)
W3(R):
Junction area (m 2 , ft 2 ). If zero, the area is set to the minimum of the volume flow areas of the adjoining volumes.

W4(R):
Reynolds number independent forward flow energy loss coefficient

W5(R):
Reynolds number independent reverse flow energy loss coefficient

Hydrodynamic Component
Single junctions (SNGLJUN)
W6(I):
Junction control flags. Packed format jefvcahs

j specifies that this junction is a jet junction. e specifies the modified PV term in the energy equations. e = 0 not app. f specifies CCFL options. f = 0 means that the CCFL model will not be applied v specifies horizontal stratification entrainment / pullthrough options c specifies choking options. c = 0 means that the choking model will be applied a specifies area change options
a = 0 means either a smooth area change or no area change a = 1 means full abrupt area change a = 2 means partial abrupt area change h specifies non-homogeneous or homogeneous. h = 0 means non-homogeneous h = 2 specifies the homogeneous s specifies momentum flux options. s = 0 uses momentum flux in both the TO and FROM volumes s = 1 uses momentum flux in the FROM volume only s = 2 uses momentum flux in the TO volume only s = 3 does not use momentum flux in either volumes

Hydrodynamic Component
Single junctions (SNGLJUN)
W7(R)
Subcooled discharge coefficient. This quantity is applied only to subcooled liquid choked flow calculations. 0.0 < W7 <= 2.0 If W7, W8, and W9 are missing, all are set equal to 1.0.

W8(R)
Two-phase discharge coefficient. This quantity is applied only to twophase choked flow calculations. 0.0 < W8 <= 2.0 If W8 is missing then W8 and W9 are set to 1.0.

W9(R)
Superheated discharge coefficient. This quantity is applied only to superheated vapor choked flow calculations. 0.0 < W9 <= 2.0 If W7 and W8 are entered and W9 is missing then it is set to 1.0

Hydrodynamic Component
Single junctions (SNGLJUN) CCC0110
Optional To Specify junction Hydraulic Diameter and CCFL phenomenon See details in manuals

CCC0111
Junction Form Loss Data

Hydrodynamic Component
Single junctions (SNGLJUN)
CCC0201
SNGLJUN Initial Conditions Format: CCC0201 W1 . W4
W1:
If W1 = 0, W2 and W3 are velocities of Liquid & Vap. If W1 = 1, W2 = Mass flow rates

W2:
Velocity of Liquid (m/s or ft/s) or Mass Flow Rate of Liquid

W3:
Velocity of Vapor or Mass Flow Rate of Vapor

W4:
Interface Velocity (Enter 0.0) (This value is not currently used by the code)

SNGLJUN Cards Summary

CCC0000 Definition (Required) CCC010N Geometry Cards (Required) CCC0110 Hyd. Dia & CCFL (Optional) CCC0111 Form Loss (Optional) CCC0201 Initial Conditions (Required)

Hydrodynamic Component
Single junctions (SNGLJUN)
Example:
1210000 testj1 sngljun
From vol To vol Area f. loss r. loss flag

1210101 021010000 022000000 0.0 1210201 1 0.0 1.60e-2

0.0

0.0 01000

Example:
1200000 "sngljuni" sngljun * From vol To vol Area f. loss r. loss flag 1200101 110010002 125010001 0.1 0.0 0.0 0000100 * flag liq mass flow vap mass flow inter. veloc. 1200201 1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Hydrodynamic Component
Pipe / Annulus (PIPE / ANNULUS)
The PIPE and ANNULUS components are exactly same except that the ANNULUS component must be vertical and all the water is in the film (i.e., no drops) when in the annular-mist flow regime. All inputs are essentially the same for PIPE as well as ANNULUS A PIPE is simply a series of Single Volumes connected through Single Junctions. More than one junction may be connected to the inlet or outlet. If an end has no junctions, that end is considered a closed end.

Hydrodynamic Component
Pipe / Annulus (PIPE / ANNULUS)
CCC0000 name PIPE CCC0001: Pipe Discretization Info
Format: CCC0001 nv
nv is the number of volumes in which Pipe has been discretiszed 1 <= nv <= 99

CCC0101 .. CCC0199:
Pipe x-coordinate Volume Flow Areas Format: CCC01NN W1 W2 .
The W1 and W2 are data pairs entered in a Sequential Expansion Format

Hydrodynamic Component
Pipe / Annulus (PIPE / ANNULUS)
W1 W2 Volume flow area (m 2 , ft 2 ). Volume number

Sequential Expansion Format (SEF)

This format consists of sets of data Each set containing one or more data items followed by an integer Example:
11100101 0.1 3 0.15 3 .25 2 Means for PIPE 111 the Flow Areas for the first 3 volumes is 0.1 for next 3 volumes it is 0.15 and for the next 2 volumes it is 0.25
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.25 0.25

Hydrodynamic Component
Pipe / Annulus (PIPE / ANNULUS)
CCC0201 CCC0299
Pipe Junction Flow Areas Optional Cards These are used to specify flow areas of internal junctions

CCC0301 CCC0399
Pipe X-Coordinate Volume Lengths Format: CCC03NN W1 W2
W1 and W2 are data pairs in SE Format Example: 1110301 40 3 25 2 50 3

Hydrodynamic Component
Pipe / Annulus (PIPE / ANNULUS) CCC0401 CCC0499
Pipe-Volume Volumes Format: CCC04NN W1 W2
W1 and W2 are data pairs in SEF If these cards are missing (or are set as 0.0) Volumes are calculated from flow areas * length

CCC0501 CCC0599
Pipe-Volume Azimuthal Angles Optional (SE Format)

Hydrodynamic Component
Pipe / Annulus (PIPE / ANNULUS)
CCC0601 CCC0699
Pipe-Volume Vertical Angles Angles are in degrees between +- 90 SE Format

CCC0701 CCC0799
Pipe X-Coordinate Elevation Changes Optional If these cards are missing Elevation is calculated from the Length and Angles data SE Format

Hydrodynamic Component
Pipe / Annulus (PIPE / ANNULUS) CCC0801 CCC0899
Pipe-Volume X-Coordinate Friction Data Format: CCC0801 W1 W2 W3
Three Word SEF W1: Roughness W2: Hydraulic Dia W3: Number of Volumes 0.002 0.15 2

Example:
1110801 0.002 0.1 3

Hydrodynamic Component
Pipe / Annulus (PIPE / ANNULUS) CCC0901 CCC0999
Pipe Internal Junction Loss Coefficients Optional If missing no junction loss Format: CCC0901 W1 W2 W3
Three Word SEF W1: Forward Loss Coefficient W2: Reverse Loss Coefficient W3: Number of Junctions

Hydrodynamic Component
Pipe / Annulus (PIPE / ANNULUS)
CCC1001 CCC1099
Pipe-Volume X-Coordinate Control Flags Packed word tlpvbfe in a Two Word SEF Flags have the same meaning as that for SNGLVOL or TMDPVOL

CCC1001 CCC1099
Pipe-Junction X-Coordinate Control Flags Packed word efvcahs in a Two Word SEF Flags have the same meaning as that for SNGLJUN

Hydrodynamic Component
Pipe / Annulus (PIPE / ANNULUS) CCC1201 CCC1299
Pipe-Volume Initial Conditions Format: CCC1201 W1 W2 .. W7
Seven Word SE Format W1: ebt (Packed Word)
e: Fluid ---- 0 = Default; 1 = H2O; b: Boron Presence; 0 = No; 1 = Yes t: Specifies the next 5 words 2 = D2O

= 1: Equilibrium -- W2 = T, W3 = x, W4 W6 = 0.0 = 2: Equilibrium -- W2 = P, W3 = ul , W4 = uf , W5 = , W6 = 0.0

Hydrodynamic Component
Pipe / Annulus (PIPE / ANNULUS)
= 3: Equilibrium -- W2 = P, W3 = T , W4 = W5 = W6 = 0.0 t = 4 to 6 for non-condensable only (See Detail in Manual)

W7: Number of Volumes

CCC2001 CCC2099
Pipe Initial Boron Concentrations Format: CCC20NN W1 W2 ..
Two Word SEF W1 = Boron Concentration W2 = Volume Number

Hydrodynamic Component
Pipe / Annulus (PIPE / ANNULUS)
CCC1300
Pipe Junction Conditions Control Words Optional If missing then velocities are assumed on Cards CCC1301 through

CCC1399. Format: CCC1300 W1

W1 = 0 -- Cards CCC 13NN specify velocities W1 = 1 Cards CCC13NN specify Flow Rates

CCC1301 through CCC1399

Pipe Junction Initial Conditions
Three Word SEF W1 = Initial velocity or mass flow for Liquid W2 = Initial velocity or mass flow for Vapor W3 = Interface velocity (Enter 0.0) W4 = Junction number

Hydrodynamic Component
Pipe / Annulus (PIPE / ANNULUS)
CCC1401 CCC1499
Pipe Junction Diameter and CCFL Data Cards Optional If missing, default values are used Same parameters as for SNGLJUN but in a Five Word SEF

CCC3001 CCC3099
Pipe Junction Form Loss Data Card Optional If missing the Junction Loss data is used from Cards CCC09NN Same parameters as for SNGLJUN but in a Five Word SEF

Hydrodynamic Component
PIPE / ANNULUS Summary of Cards
CCC0000 CCC0001 CCC0101 CCC0199 CCC0201 CCC0299 CCC0301 CCC0399 CCC0401 CCC0499 CCC0501 CCC0599 CCC0601 CCC0699 CCC0701 CCC0799 CCC0801 CCC0899 CCC0901 CCC0999 CCC1001 CCC1099 CCC1101 CCC1199 CCC1201 CCC1299 CCC2001 CCC2099 CCC1300 CCC1301 CCC1399 CCC1401 CCC1499 CCC3001 CCC3099 Name and Initialize Discretization X-Coordinate Volume Flow Areas Junction Flow Areas X-Coordinate Volume Lengths Volume Volumes Volume Azimuthal Angles Volume Vertical Angles X-Coordinate (Elevation) Changes Volume X-Coordinate Friction Data Junction Loss Coefficients Volume X-Coordinate Control Flags Junction Control Flags Volume Initial Conditions Initial Boron Concentrations Junction Conditions Control Words Junction Initial Conditions Junction Diameter and CCFL Data Cards Junction Form Loss Data Card

Hydrodynamic Component Valve Junction (VALVE)

The valve component provides a general capability for specifying a junction with a variable flow area. Other properties are Same CCC0000 name VALVE CCC0101 CCC0109
Valve Junction Geometry Cards Format is same as that for SNGLJUN

CCC0110
Valve Junction Diameter and CCFL Data Card Same as for SNGLJUN

Hydrodynamic Component Valve Junction (VALVE)

CCC0111
Valve Junction Form Loss Data Card Same as for SNGLJUN

CCC0201
Valve Junction Initial Conditions Same as for SNGLJUN

CCC0300
Valve Type Card Format: CCC0300 W1 W1: Type of Valve (Either of the following)
CHKVLV : for a check valve TRPVLV for a trip valve INRVLV for an inertial swing check valve MTRVLV for a motor valve SRVVLV for a servo valve RLFVLV for a relief valve

Hydrodynamic Component Valve Junction (VALVE)

CCC0301 CCC0399
Valve Data and Initial Conditions Format: CCC03NN W1 W12
W1 W12 : These depend on type of valve (See Manual for detail)

CCC0400 CCC0499
Valve CSUBV Table Only for Servo and Motorized Valves These essentially contain the smooth area change data

CCC0400
Factors for flow area and stem position Optional. The factors apply to the flow area or the stem Format: CCC0400 W1 W2
W1: Normalized flow area or normalized stem position W2: Flow coefficient factor

Heat Structures
Heat Structures are used to represent metal structures such as vessel walls, steam generator tubes, fuel rods and reactor vessel internals in a model. Temperature distributions are found by a one-dimensional transient heat conduction equation with source in rectangular, cylindrical, or spherical coordinates. Each heat structure is defined to have a left side and a right side. Each side of a heat structure may be connected to at most one hydrodynamic volume. However, more than one heat structures may be connected to the same hydrodynamic volume.

The average fluid conditions in the hydrodynamic volume are assumed to interact with the entire heat structure (i.e. plug flow) except under stratified flow conditions.

Heat Structures
Heat Structure Hydrodynamic Volume

Discretization

Simple Heat Structure Attached to Hydrodynamic Volume

A composit Heat Structure with different geometries

HEAT STRUCTURES Input Requirements

Heat structures (RELAP 1D)
dimensions material type thermal properties as functions of temp. heater power and distribution (if any) surface roughness (for hydro) initial temperatures (or estimates for ss calc.)

Heat Structures
1CCCG000
General Heat Structure Data
1: To distinguish Heat Structure from Hydro Comp CCC: Heat Structure ID
Practice is to use the same number as that for Hydro Comp attached

G: Geometry Number (Their may be more than one materials, thicknesses etc.) 000: Other Cards Numbers

Format 1CCCG000 W1 .. W8

Heat Structures
W1: Number of axial heat structures with this geometry nh.
0 < nh < nh

W2: Number of radial mesh points for this geometry, np W3: Geometry type. Enter 1 for rectangular, 2 for cylindrical, and 3 for spherical. W4: Steady-state initialization flag. W5: Left boundary coordinate W6: Reflood condition flag. W7: Boundary volume indicator W8: Maximum number of axial intervals. Enter 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128 to indicate the maximum number of axial subdivisions

Heat Structures
Card 1CCCG100
Heat Structure Mesh Flags Format 1CCC100 W1 W2
W1: Mesh Location Flag W2: Mesh Format Flag

Cards 1CCCG301 1CCCG399

Heat Structure Source Distribution Data (Radial) Format: 1CCCG3NN W1 W2
Two Word SE Format

Heat Structures
1CCCG401 1CCCG499
Initial Temperature Data

1CCCG501 1CCCG599
Left Boundary Condition Cards

1CCCG601 1CCCG699
Right Boundary Condition Cards

1CCCG701 1CCCG799
Source Data Cards

Simple PROBLEM 1
25 foot long vertical pipe 1 sq. ft. flow area Water Sink pressure - 50. Psia Source pressure - 150 Psia Temperature - 120 o F

Simple PROBLEM 2
Add 1.0 inch pipe wall Initial temperatures is 50.0 deg F

Simple PROBLEM Revisit

RELAP PROBLEM Revisit

Add a control system to integrate the flow from the pipe to the sink Output the result as a minor edit Add the result to the quick plot request

U-Tube Steam Generator

5 4

Heat Structures structural Tube material

3

Nodalization of Primary Coolant Pump

CCC

Pipe Steam Generator Tube Primaries lumped together Inlet Plenum

Outlet Plenum
The two branches and pipe between the pump and cold leg also allow the simulation of horizontal stratification

To Surge Line To Pressurizer 3

Branches

Pipe

1 2 3 4 5 Pump
HPI

Reactor Vessel To cold leg

Accumulator LPI

Pump Suction to cold leg

Horizontal section allows the formation of stratified flow at bottom of loop seal

Pressurizer
444 445
440

Containment

441

To Steam Generator

Surge Line
443

From Reactor Vessel

400

402

End