Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
-the part of the nervous system outside the CNS, consists mainly of the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord
-carry impulses to and from the spinal cord -carry impulses to and from the brain
-skeletal nervous system -voluntary nervous system -its role is to carry first the sensory information to the CNS and then carries messages from the CNS to skeletal muscles
-involuntary nervous system - regulates the activity of the smooth and cardiac muscles and glands -it has 2 parts: a. Sympathetic b. Parasympathetic
NEURONS
Neurons -also called nerve cells -transmit information throughout the body
Dendrites - Convey incoming messages toward the cell body Axons - Generate nerve impulses and conduct them away from the cell body
Neurons may have hundreds of branching dendrites, but each neuron has only one axon.
Axon Terminals
Myelin Sheath
The axon is responsible for transmitting neural impulses also known as action potentials. If there is no action potential moving down the axon, then the axon is at rest. On the other hand, if the neuron is activated, the axon potential occurs and travels more quickly.
2 TYPES OF NEURONS:
1.Sensory Neurons (Afferent) -neuron carrying impulses from sensory receptors (in the internal organs or skin) to the CNS -toward the brain
-neurons carrying impulses from the CNS to the viscera and/or muscles and glands -away from the brain
-responsible for involuntary actions such as heartbeat, digestion, pupil dilation, dislodging of food into the throat, and breathing
1. Sympathetic Nervous System - responsible for arousing the body for action and preparing forces in times of stress - fight or flight system - stimulates
2. Parasympathetic Nervous System - relaxes or controls the body from stress - responsible for calming the body in order to conserve energy - inhibits
Peripheral Nervous System (cranial and spinal nerves) Sensory(afferent) Sense Organs Motor (efferent)
Autonomic (involuntary)
Sympathetic Parasympathetic
Somatic (voluntary)
Skeletal muscles
THE BRAIN
The Brain - 1.3 kg - pinkish-gray jellylike tissue - approximately 100 B nerve cells/neurons
The Cerebral Hemispheres - most superior part - largest part - right and left
Parietal Lobe -somatic sensory area -recognize pain, coldness or a light touch
Frontal Lobe - primary motor area - allows us to consciously move our skeletal muscles - higher intellectual reasoning
Occipital lobe - visual area Temporal lobe - auditory area and olfactory area - complex memories
Thalamus -relay station for sensory impulses passing upward to the sensory cortex
Hypothalamus -under the thalamus -regulation of body temperature, water balance, and metabolism
Hypothalamus -center for thirst, appetite, sex, pain and pleasure -regulates the pituitary gland
Fornix -an arched, vaultlike or triangular structure of white matter in the brain that is situated between the hippocamous and the hypothalamus
Hippocampus -consolidating learning and in converting information fro working memory by means of electrical signals to longterm memory system
Hippocampus -responsible for making constant check for the information relayed to the working memory
Amygdala -is an almond-shape structure that can stimulate rage , fear, or pleasure -encodes an emotional message
Medulla oblongata -contains that control heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing and vomiting
Reticular formation -plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycle -damage can result to coma
CEREBELLUM -provide precise timing for skeletal muscle activity and controls our balance and equilibrium
Thank you!
By: Juliville H. Salinas