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NEBOSH

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WEEK 2 ELEMENT 3

Work Equipment Hazards & Control

NEBOSH

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Work Equipment
Definition
Any machinery, appliance, apparatus, tool or installation for use at work (whether exclusively or not).

Suitability of Work Equipment


Properly designed Fit for purpose for which it is being used Meets safety requirements - has CE mark if necessary Used for purpose manufacturer intended

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Factors to be considered when installing a new machine


What are the hazards i.e. a) Heat or cold problems b) Chemicals c) Biological Suitably guarded The location Capable of being isolated/lock off Safe access and egress Personnel trained and competent Any other specified risks

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Safe Operation of Work Equipment


Appropriate Protection People not to come into contact Clear layout of controls Means of isolation Stable Adequate lighting Maintenance Appropriate markings Warning devices

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Responsibility of Users
Information and Instructions
Training Responsibility of Users
Not put themselves or others at risk because of their actions or omissions Making use of any safe system of work and precautions provided for them, e.g. machine guards, eye protection, etc Reporting any problems with the work equipment to their employer

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Statutory Inspections
Equipment
Cranes, hoists and lifting equipment
Pressure systems

Inspections of
All equipment used for lifting people and lifting accessories
Other lifting equipment Steam plant (boilers)

Frequency
6 months

12 months 14 months

Steam receivers Air receivers


Fixed guards Other guards Inspection of guards and protective devices during work

26 - 38 months* 24 - 48 months*
12 months 6 months 4 hourly

Power presses

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Selection of Guards
Suitable for purpose which they are provided

Good construction, material and adequate strength


Maintained in an efficient state, working order Not give rise to increased risks Not be easily bypassed or disabled Sufficient distance from danger zone Not restrict operators view Eliminate the need for the worker to place any part of their body into dangerous parts in whilst in motion Compatible with process / resistant to dust, chemical Allow maintenance without guard removal

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Hierarchy of Control for Machinery Guards


Measures ranked in order are: Fixed enclosing guards Other Guards or protection devices Protective appliances such as Jigs, Holders, Push sticks Provision of information, Instruction, Training and supervision

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Mechanical Hazards
EN tanglement
T raps Shearing, drawing in, crushing I mpact C ontact Friction, abrasion, cutting and stabbing, puncture

E jection

Remember: ENTICE

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Mechanical Hazards: ENtanglement


ENtanglement: Clothing, Hair, Jewellery getting wrapped around machinery

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Mechanical Hazards: Traps


Traps involve:

Shearing In running nips Drawing in

Crushing

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Mechanical Hazards: Impact

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Mechanical Hazards: Contact


Contact Injuries: Burns Lacerations (tear) Abrasions Puncture wounds Cuts

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Mechanical Hazards: Ejection

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Abrasive Wheel (Grindstone)


Machinery Mechanical Hazards
Trapping Ejection

Entanglement

Contact

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Mechanical Hazards Drawing-In

Drawing in

Crushing

Entanglement

Shearing

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Non-Mechanical Hazards
a) b) c) d) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) Electricity Hot/cold surfaces Dust and fumes Fire/explosion Noise and vibration Biological Hazardous Chemicals Radiation Access and egress Obstructions Manual handling Splinters

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Preferred order of Guarding


BS EN ISO 12100-2:2003

Fixed Interlock Automatic Trip (Safety device)


Remember: FIAT

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Fixed Guard

Physical barrier with no moving parts Not connected to machine controls/motion Requires tool for removal

NEBOSH

Fixed Distance Guard

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Fixed Guards
Advantages
Creates a physical barrier

Disadvantages
No protection if removed

Requires a tool to remove it


No moving parts

Requires a tool to remove


If solid hampers visual inspection If solid may cause heat problems

Little maintenance
Easy to inspect

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Interlock Guards

Connected to machine controls Will not operate until guard is closed

Guard cannot be opened or opening causes machine to stop

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Interlock Guards
Advantages
Convenient for access Give flexibility of design

Disadvantages
More complex Difficult to inspect

A time delay can be built in

Difficult to maintain
Subject to wear Subject to operator abuse

If a Gate operator can step inside

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Automatic/Push away Guard

Removes person from hazard

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Trip Guards (Safety Devices)

Trip device for drilling machine

Safety Trip Wire

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Adjustable Guards

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Self Adjusting Guards

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Two Hand Control Device

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Photo-Electric Guards

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Pressure Sensitive Pads

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Other Protection Appliances

Push Stick Also: Jigs Holders

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Other Machinery
Office Machinery Photocopiers/Shredders
Manufacturing/Maintenance Machinery Grinders/Pedestal drills Agricultural/Horticultural Strimmers/Mowers

Retail Machinery Compactors/Checkout conveyors


Construction Machinery Bench top circular saws Cement mixers

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Office Machinery Common Hazards

Common Hazards:
Electrical Ergonomic Noise Stability

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Office Machinery Other Hazards


Other Hazards
Photocopiers
Drawing in to rollers Trap between moving parts Chemicals UV Light/Heat Manual Handling

Document Shredders
Drawing in to cutters Contact with cutters Dust

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Manufacturing/Maintenance Machinery
Common Hazards
Electricity Ergonomics Dust Stability of machine Manual handling

Bench-Top Grinder

Pedestal Drill

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Manufacturing/Maintenance Machinery
Other Hazards
Bench Top Grinder Contact with rotating wheel Drawing into trap Pedestal Drill Entanglement (hair/clothing) Contact (Stabbing/puncture)

Ejection of parts of wheel


Fire and sparks Vibration/Noise

Impact (unsecured work piece)


Cutting from swarf Ejection (Drill bit/Material)

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Agricultural/Horticultural Machinery
Common Hazards:
1) 2) Biological - animal droppings Chemical - herbicides

3)
4) 5) 6)

Electricity
Fire/explosion if petrol Ergonomics Manual Handling

7)
8)

Noise and Vibration


Ejection of materials

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Agricultural/Horticultural Machinery
Other Hazards
Cylinder Mower Contact with rotating blades Entanglement in blades Strimmer/Chainsaw Contact with cutter/saw Entanglement cutter/saw

Hazards when used on roadside verges:


Struck by vehicles Vehicle fumes

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Retail Machinery

Waste Compactor

Checkout Conveyor

Common Hazards:
Electricity Ergonomics Manual Handling

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Retail Machinery

Other hazards
Waste Compactor Impact Crushing Biological infection Checkout Conveyor Drawing in traps Non-Ionising Radiation

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Construction Machinery
Common Hazards:
Dust Electricity Circular Saw

Stability of machine
Ergonomics Trapping Noise Manual Handling

Cement Mixer

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Construction Machinery

Other Hazards

Cement Mixer
Entanglement Chemicals

Circular Saw
Drawing into blade Contact

Manual Handling

Ejection of materials Vibration

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Hand-held Tools
Misuse:

Using flat screwdriver to remove Phillips screw


Using screw driver as chisel Using chisel or claw hammer to lever something off a wall

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Portable Power Tools


Mechanical Hazards:
Entanglement

Cutting
Abrasions Ejected materials

Non-mechanical Hazards:
Dust Electricity Ergonomics

Manual Handling
Noise Vibration

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Portable Power Tools


Precautions:
Use RCDs on electrical tools
Ensure lead is protected Do not carry tool by cord

Disconnect from power when not in use


Ensure compressed air tools are properly connected

Never pull the cord to disconnect


Have procedures to avoid accidental starting

NEBOSH Precautions:

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Portable Power Tools


Secure work pieces with clamps to prevent movement Wear appropriate PPE

Inspect and maintain tools


Remove faulty tools Procedures for reporting and replacing damaged tools

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Safety in Maintenance Operations

1) Safe working procedures should be planned 2) Personnel should receive training 3) Suitable safety equipment to be provided 4) Management organisation 5) Adequate resources

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2 Areas of Maintenance
1) Planned, scheduled, maintenance 2) Breakdown, emergency maintenance

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Maintenance Hazards
Entry into vessels, confined spaces/machines Hot work which may cause fire or explosion Construction work such as work on roofs or in excavations Cutting into pipework carrying hazardous substances Mechanical or electrical work requiring isolation of power or fuel supplies Work on plant, boilers etc. which must be effectively cut off from possible entry of fumes, gas, liquids or steam

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Machinery Hazards
Unintentional starting of machinery

Release of stored energy


Movement due to gravity Residual high or low pressure Restricted access/egress Residues e.g. Toxic, Flammables, Corrosives Mechanical hazards Heat or cold

Biological hazards
Confined spaces Working at heights

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Factors to Consider prior to Maintenance


Location of equipment Capable of being isolated? Can stored energy be dissipated?

Can we segregate? Is there safe access and egress? Is PPE required? Are personnel trained? Are there heat or cold problems? Are there chemical residues? Are there biological hazards?

NEBOSH

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Precautions when undertaking machinery maintenance


Isolate electrical power Permit to work Isolate pipelines Release loads Allow hot machinery to cool Provide adequate lighting means of access Provide suitable PPE Provide barriers Ventilate work area Adequate supervision

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