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By PRADIP KUMAR PAUDYAL Purwanchal University (ACME ENGINEERING COLLEGE) 2070 Batch
Advance Learners Dictionary: A careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge Red Man & Mory: As a systematized effort to gain new knowledge
- A movement from the known to the unknown
Contd Research is an academic activity Clifford Woody: Res comprises defining & redefining problems, formulating hypothesis; collecting, organizing, and evaluating data; making deductions & reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis
Significance of research
All progress is born of inquiry. Doubt is often better than overconfidence. Doubt leads to inquiry, and inquiry leads to investigation
Contd. Increased role of Research in business and economy: government has focused attention on the use of Resrearch in solving operational problems. Research as an aid to economic policy for the government Research provides the basis for nearly all government policies. Research facilitates decision makers to make effective decisions Facilitates to solve operational problems or social problems
Contd Ex post facto Research used for Descriptive studies measure frequency of shopping, preference of people, etc. and to discover causes
Survey methods are used in Descriptive Research studies including comparative and co relational methods Analytical Research: use facts or information already available, and analyze these to make a critical evaluation of the material
Applied research: to find solution for immediate problem in a society, industry, business, etc.
Research Approaches
In general there are:
- Quantitative approach (inferential, experimental, and simulation) - Qualitative approach: for example; assessment of attitudes, opinion, and behaviors.
Recently new concept has developed to utilize both approaches (quantitative and qualitative) to generate more reach information from research study. It is called mixed approach or blending of qualitative and quantitative methodology.
Research process
Research process consists of series of actions: 1 Define Research problem 2 Review of the literature 3 Develop hypotheses 4 Research Design 5 Collect data 6 Analyze data 7 Interpret data and prepare report
Both deductive and inductive methods are integrated by Charles Darwin. This integrated Deductive inductive method is now recognized as scientific approach.
CHAPTER - I
To be Continued.