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Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease. World Health Organization (WHO), 1948
Physical
Mental
Social
Public Health
The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort for the sanitation of the environment, the control of community infections, the education of the individual, the organization of medical services for early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease and the social machinery to ensure every individual a standard of living adequate to the maintenance of health. Winslow, 1920
What is
Public Health?
The mission of public health is to fulfill societys interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy.
- Institute of Medicine, Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health
determinants of health-related states or events and the application of this study to the control and prevention of disease (WHO, 2012) than the expected rate in any well-defined geographical area.
population group.
Epidemic When the incidence of a disease are higher Endemic prevalent or peculiar to a community or
1990s HIV/AIDS
2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) 2009 H1N1 Swine Flu
Incidence - the number of new cases of disease that develop in a population of individuals at a specified time interval. Prevalence the total number of people in a given population affected by a disease at a given time.
10 Essential Services
Socioecological Model
Ecological Framework
Levels of Prevention
Epidemiological Triangle
Socio-Ecological Model
A multi-faceted approach to promoting health within a population
Primary Care
Monitor, address individual risk factors
Promote community change through policy, Promote changes in individual behavior system and environments
Uses data based on epidemiology, demographics, and economics Develops, implements and enforces and evaluates health policies Uses data based on patient history and medical science Develop and implement practice policies informed by evidence-based guidelines and policies
Levels of Prevention
Tertiary Preventio n
Secondary Prevention
Primary Prevention
Environment
Social, political, cultural, physical
SOCIAL JUSTICE
"Social justice is an underlying principle for peaceful and prosperous coexistence within and among nations. We uphold the principles of social justice when we promote gender equality or the rights of indigenous peoples and migrants. We advance social justice when we remove barriers that people face because of gender, age, race, ethnicity, religion, culture or disability.
- United Nations
Dorfman L, Wallack L, Woodruff K. More than a message. Health Educ Behav. 2005;32(3):320-336.
Basic Liberties?
freedom of thought; liberty of conscience as it affects social relationships on the grounds of religion, philosophy, and morality; political liberties (e.g. representative democratic institutions, freedom of speech and the press, and freedom of assembly); freedom of association; freedoms necessary for the liberty and integrity of the person (freedom from slavery, freedom of movement and a reasonable degree of freedom to choose one's occupation); rights and liberties covered by the rule of law. John Rawls, 1971
Gender Inequality
Womens rights
Gay rights
Corporate
Social responsibility Corporate watchdogs Greenpeace
A way of doing justice, a way of asserting the value and priority of human life
Or
The fundamental freedom to all individuals to be left alone
Beauchamp, 1974
Car manufacturers install emission detectors in cars Hepatitis B immunization required for school-aged children Mad cow disease in US beef supply
Right v. Wrong???
ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK
-Economic Environment
-Social Environment
-Physical Environment
-Service Environment
War / refugee migration, famine and disasters Irrigation, deforestation and reforestation Globalization Global Poverty
Global poverty
20% of the worlds population consume 86% of the worlds resources. 1/5 of the worlds population is live in extreme poverty 40% of the worlds population accounts for 5% of global income.
Distribution of Wealth
~ 8 million people die annually because they are too poor to stay alive. ~ 2.8 billion live in relative poverty ($1-2/day) ~1.2 billion people worldwide (1 in 6) live in extreme poverty (less than $1/day)