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Urethral Diverticulum
Urethral diverticulum may be defined as a localized
out pouching of tissue from the urethra into the potential space surrounding the urethra. The cause is uncertain. Symptoms are variable, the most common being frequency, urgency, and dysuria. Congenital or Acquired Female > Male
Urethral Fistulas
Urethral fistulas develop if there is failure of closure
after urethral rupture or laceration. They may be caused by; - Rectal or Gynecological surgery. -Obstetric injury. -Radiotherapy. -Inflammatory lesions. -Strictures or Carcinomas.
urethrovesical and urethrocutaneous. IMAGING Cystourethroscopy VCUG Retrograde urethrography MRI CT scan
Types
1.True Hermaphrodite (ovotesticular DSD) 2.Pseudohermaphrodite a. Male Pseudo hermaphrodite (46 XY with two testes) b. Female Pseudo hermaphrodite (46 XX with two ovaries) 3.Gonadal Dysgenesis a. Pure (bilateral streak gonads) b. Mixed(testis and a streak gonad)
Teenage girl presented with primary amenorrhea and prominent labioscrotal folds
degeneration
Imaging
Ultrasound
CT scan MRI Angiography
34 years old male with severe pain in the RIF along with fever and chills.
Hydrocele
A hydrocele is filling of serous fluid between the
by tumor.
Hematocele
It is an accumulation of blood distending the tunica
vaginalis.
Acute or Chronic Is most often caused by trauma. Is occasionally due to tumor.
septations.
Pyocele
A scrotal abscess, or pyocele, is most often a
complication of epididymo-orchitis, which has crossed the mesothelial lining of the tunica vaginalis.
On US scans, an abscess appears as a complex,
and shadowing
Spermatocele
The most common scrotal mass is spermatocele.
Cystic lesions in the head of epididymis. Filled with spermatozoa containing fluid. Low level echoes can be seen in some cases. Septations --- with large spermatoceles.
Epididymal Cysts
Epididymal cysts form in the head as well as in the
body and tail of the epididymis. Are anechoic. Contains serous fluid. Indistinguishable from spermatoceles.
Epididymitis
Inflammation of the epididymis, usually due to
Imaging of epididymitis
The preferred imaging examination is ultrasonography. Enlarged (>17 mm) epididymis . Hypoechoic, hyperechoic, or heterogeneous echotexture. Increased blood flow. Associated reactive hydrocele . Scrotal wall thickening.
Varicocele
Varicoceles are dilated peritesticular veins that form as
the result of incompetent valves in the spermatic veins. Extremely common(8-16% of male population) 15-25 years of age. 85% Left sided 15% Bilateral. If only right sided-Malignancy should be suspected. If presenting in old age(>40 yrs) for the first timeMalignancy should be suspected. Pain ,discomfort and Infertility.
numerous, dilated(>2mm), tortuous, tubular channels in the peritesticular tissues. Located lateral, posterior and/or superior to the testis. Visible flow may be seen within larger varicoceles on conventional ultrasound, but it is usually too slow to be detected with color Doppler imaging. Their prominence is increased in the upright position and with valsalva maneuver, and this is detectable on color Doppler imaging.