Super critical power plant

BY SRIDURGA 08761A0351

contents
Introduction Critical condition

Super critical parameters

Necessity Comparison of sub critical and super critical

plants Types of boilers Drum type boiler Once through boiler Advantages of once through Conclusion

What is super critical power plant???

The power plant which operates above the critical condition is a SUPER CRITICAL POWER PLANT

Definition of critical Condition

CRITICAL CONDITION IS THERMODYNAMIC
EXPRESSION DESCRIBING THE STATE OF A

SUBSTANCE BEYOND WHICH THERE IS NO

CLEAR DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE LIQUID

AND GASEOUS PHASE.

WHY ADVANCED SUPERCRITICAL?

Efficiency of the Rankine Cycle increases with increasing Turbine inlet Temperature and Pressure

Cycle efficiency of typical sub-critical plant is 38% whereas todays supercritical technology increases this to around 45-47%

Sub-Critical vs Super Critical

Description
Full Load Pressure Flow in Water wall Cycle efficiency

Sub Critical
<190 atm 2-Phase Base

Super Critical
>240 atm 1-Phase + 2 - 3 % Approx

Fuel saving
Boiler weight Stages of reheat

Base
Base 1

+8 - 10 % Approx
+ 10 % 2 Preferred

Types of boilers
Drum type Once-through type

Design Types
NATURAL
STEAM DRUM

CONTROLLED
TO SUPERHEATER

ECON.

CIRC. PUMP FURNACE WALLS

ONCE THROUGH
SEPARATOR

Natural circulation - well suited for < 175 kg/cm2 Controlled circulation - optimum solution for reliable high-pressure subcritical operation Once-through technology Suitable for sub and supercritical cycles

ECON.

CIRC. PUMP

DISTRIB. HEADER

Drum type boiler

Natural Circulation Boiler

Circulation through water walls by thermo-siphon effect Controlled Circulation Boiler At higher operating pressures (just below critical pressure levels), thermo-siphon effect supplemented by pumps to ensure safety of furnace wall tubes.

Super Critical Boilers

Drum type boiler

Steam generation essentially takes place in

furnace water walls Fixed evaporation end point - the drum Steam -water separation takes place in the drum Separated water mixed with incoming feed water and fed back to water wall lower drum by means of boiler water circulating pumps (BWCPs).

Super Critical Boilers

Once Through Boiler-Concept

Once through system

Super Critical Boilers

Once Through Boiler

Once -through forced flow through all

sections of boiler (economizer, water walls & super heater) Feed pump provides the driving head Suitable for sub critical & super critical pressures

Super Critical Boilers

Once-thru Boiler
Major differences from Drum type boiler :

Evaporator system

Low load circulation system

Separator

Once - thru Boiler

Low load circulation system :

The excess flow over the once-thru flow separated in separator .

Recirculated back to the boiler directly by

the dedicated circulating pump.

LOW LOAD SYSTEM WITH CIRCIRCULATION PUMP

Once -thru Boiler

Separator : Separates steam and water during the
circulating mode operation

Runs dry in once through flow mode.

Smaller in size compared to drum in a drum type boiler

Once -through Boiler

Advantages : Better suited for sliding pressure operation Steam temperature can be maintained over
wider load range under sliding pressure

Conservation of fuel resources. Shorter start up time Improvement in Efficiency

conclusion
Super critical power plants are the efficient plants to produce greater out put although it has some drawbacks .