CE403 Construction Methodology

Steel Construction

Metals: History

500 BC - wrought iron in Greece 6th Century wrought iron in China 1640s 1st successful iron works in U.S. (Saugus, Mass.) 1855 Bessemer Process 1867 Eads Bridge 1920 Arc Welding

Elements of Steel Construction

Advanced Planning Steel Fabrication & Delivery to the Jobsite Field Operations

Field Operations

Unload and Handle Yarding- Unloading & Temp Storage Shake Out and Haul ~ Identify each member & store in organized manner Assemble Bolt Up Impact Check Out - Inspection

Steel Erection Systems

Camber & Sweep

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Types of Steel

A36 Carbon Structural Steel, FY= 36 ksi A572 High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel, FY= 42 ksi or 65 ksi A588 Corrosion-Resistant High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel, FY= 42 ksi or 65 ksi

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Rolled Steel Shapes

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Rolled-Steel Shape Designations

W Shape: W24x62 Channel: C10 x 15.3 Angle: L5 x 3 x

24 is depth, 62 is weight 10 is depth, 15.3 is weight 5 and 3 are leg lengths, is leg thickness

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Open-Web Steel Joist

K-series range in depth from 8 to 30; designed to span up to 60 LH-series (Long span) range in depth from 18 to 48; can span up to 96; require 4-6 of end bearing surface. DLH-series (deep long span) range in depth from 56 to 72; can span up to 144; same bearing requirements as LH

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Steel Connection Methods

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Steel Connection Methods

Drivers:

Constructability

Weld in shop; bolt in field

Economy Structural Integrity Local Practice

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HighStrength Steel Bolts

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Tension Control Bolts

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Welding Techniques

Majority classified as either:

Arc Welding depends on heat of an electric arc established between an electrode and the components to be welded. Resistance Welding a shop process in which the components are butted together and heat is generated in the seam by resistance of the metal to passage of an electric current.

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Welding Techniques

Oxygen and Nitrogen in the air will produce a brittle weld. Most arc processes shield the weld area from atmospheric contamination with a cloud of inert gas (most common gas in U.S. helium. Argon is another alternative). Shielded metal arc welding most common arc process.

Uses a consumable metal stick electrode that is melted by the arc, deposits filler metal in the weld, and releases an inert gas around a weld area. TIG welding uses only a consumable filler.

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Stick Welding

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MIG Welding

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TIG Welding

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Welded Connections

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Welds
Single and Double Groove Joint Variations

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Orbital Welding

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Weld Types

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Fireproofing

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Steel Plans

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Steel Plans

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Column Splices

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Beam-Column Connections

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Beam-Column Connections

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Steel Beam Systems

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Steel Beam Systems

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Beam-Girder Connections

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Beam-Girder Connections

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Moment or Shear Connection?

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Moment or Shear Connection?

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Moment or Shear Connection?

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Metal Decking

Form Decking

Composite Decking

Cellular Decking

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Safety

Steel Erection is a hazardous construction task.

Causes of Accidents Among Structural Steel Workers 2011 OSHA

1. Contact with Object 51.1%

2. Falls 19.2*% 3. Overexertion - 15.0%

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Protective Equipment

Hard Hats, Gloves Eye Protection for worker engaged in welding, cutting, and chipping operations Protective measures against falls. Temporary floors with guard rails, where possible. Lifelines (Lanyards) and safety belts safety nets

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CIS/2

CIMSteel Integration Standards (CIS/2)

Product model and electronic data exchange file format for structural steel project information. Allows structural drawings to be read in any vendor CAD package Endorsed by AISC

Steel Quick Connection Systems

ConXTM is an innovative structural steel building system, available in two versions. ConXRTM & ConXLTM
Rigid column-to-beam connections Both gravity and rigid beam-to-girder connections Industrial, Healthcare, Military, Data Center, Commercial Office, Institutional, School, Parking, Data center Spans: ConXR (8 to 20), ConXL(18 to 65)

Data Analysis - Productivity

Conventional
10.00 9.00

ConXTech

(RS MEANS)

8.00
Unit Rate* (WH/Ton)

7.00
6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 General Military Training Tower Portable Tower Data Center Water Processing Medical HighDensity1 HighDensity2

* Unit Rate: Erection Unit Rate only

Office

Residential

Industrial

Virtual Construction Models

CAD Converter

CAD Converter
Task Breakdown Unload and Handle (5%) Shake Out and Haul (5%) Assemble (30%) Bolt up (35%) Impact (20%) Check Out (5%)

Attributes
Basic Model Attributes Assembly ID Steel Piece Mark Type Weight Weight Range Steel Size Extra Heavy Grade Extra Light Length Heavy Light Medium

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User Defined

Steel Assembly Attributes Assembly ID Type Weight Range Steel Size Grade Length

Unit Rate Table Function Weight Range Labor Productivity Erection Productivity Factor

User Input

User Defined

CIS/2 File

The Model Project

ULSD Project built within the last five years in the Midwestern US BGR Model Components Include:
Equipment Electrical Instrumentation Piping Concrete Steel

Work hour requirements assigned to Piping, Equipment, and Steel

BGR Quick Connection Model

Conventional Work Hours Quick Connection 9,094 14,666

Labor Costs Bare Cost ($47.36/hr)

$694,582

$430,691

Working Days Work Packages Piece/Work Package

147

91

30

18

62

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