An Overview Of

Piping Components

Presented by Kundan Kumar (Piping Speciality)

Piping Components
The term piping refers to the overall network of

various components used to measure, control, condition, and convey fluids. Piping components: Pipe Fittings Flanges Valves Gaskets Fasteners Special Components

Piping Components
Codes and Standards
CODES

DESCRIPTION

ASME SPEC NUMBER

Code for Power Piping. Process Piping Code for Liquid Transportation Systems Code for Gas Transmission and Distribution Systems

ASME B31.1 ASME B31.3 ASME B31.4 ASME B31.8

Piping Components
Codes and Standards
STANDARDS
DESCRIPTION ASME SPEC NUMBER

Welded and seamless wrought Steel pipes. Welded and seamless wrought Stainless Steel pipes. Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings Factory made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings. Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Valves Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded. Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges Ring-Joint, Spiral-Wound, and Jacketed Non-Metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges

ASME B36.10M ASME B36.19M ASME B16.5 ASME B16.9 ASME B16.10 ASME B16.11 ASME B16.20 ASME B16.21

Buttwelding Ends
Valves Flanged, Threaded and Welding End Orifice Flanges. Large Diameter Steel Flanges Steel Line Blanks Square and Hex. Bolts and Screws (Inch Series). Square and Hex. Nuts (Inch Series).

ASME B16.25
ASME B16.34 ASME B16.36 ASME B16.47 ASME B16.48 ASME B18.2.1 ASME B18.2.2

Piping Components
Concept of Schedule in Piping Components.

Schedule denotes the required Wall thickness for any given Pipe, Fitting and Flange. Please ref Table-I for Standard Schedule.

Piping Components

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List Of Piping Components

Pipe Elbows Tees (Equal and Red.) Lateral (Equal and Red.) End Caps Reducers Stub end Couplings Flanges Olet fittings Nipple

Plugs Swage nipples Spectacle blinds and spacers Studs Gaskets Valves Piping Specials

Piping Components
Pipes

Closed annular circular cross sectional conduit used to convey fluid is known as pipe. The size of all pipe is identified by the nominal pipe size (NPS) the outside diameters of tubes are numerically identical to the size number for all sizes

Piping Components

Up to and including size 12 inch the outside diameter is more than the size designator. Outside diameter of NPS 14 and larger pipe is the same as the size designator in inches
Prevalent Piping Specifications

Piping Components
Fittings Nipples
Basically these are straight pipe lengths cut in fixed lengths as specified By purchaser (75mm, 100mm, 200mm Long) with different end connections

End Connections are: Plain Both Ends (PBE) Both Threaded Ends (BTE) One end Plain other end Threaded (POExTOE)

Piping Components
Fittings - 90 Deg Elbow

Enables the pipe run to be turned through a Right Angle Radius of 1.5 times nominal pipe size.

Butt Welded

Socket Welded

Threaded

Piping Components
Fittings - 45 Deg Elbow

Enables the pipe run to be turned through 45 Deg, Radius of 1.5 times nominal pipe size.

Butt Welded

Socket Welded

Threaded

Piping Components
Fittings - Caps

Used to blank off at the END of Pipe Work.

Butt Welded

Socket Welded

Threaded

Piping Components
Fittings Concentric Reducer and Swage Nipple

Used to Connect Pipes with two different diameters. No change in line Elevation.

Butt Welded Reducer

Swage Nipple

Threaded Swage Nipple

Piping Components
Fittings Eccentric Reducer and Swage Nipple

Used to Connect Pipes with two different diameters. Has one side straight allowing the pipe run to stay flat changing the elevation and is preferred for some specific cases.

Butt Welded Reducer

Swage Nipple

Threaded Swage Nipple

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Fittings Stub End

Stub Ends are welded to Pipe with a CS backing Flange. Mainly used for Cost Reduction.

Stub End

Piping Components
Fittings Full Coupling

It is used to connect two components which have plain or threaded end connection. It is used as an inline fitting.

Socket welded

Threaded

Piping Components
Branch Fittings - Equal TEE

Allows connection of a branch at Right Angles from Main Pipe Header. Branch size has same dimensions as Main Pipe Header.

Butt Welded

Socket Welded

Threaded

Piping Components
Branch Fittings - Reducing TEE

Allows connection of a branch at Right Angles from Main Pipe Header. Branch size has same dimensions as Main Pipe Header.

Butt Welded

Socket Welded

Threaded

Piping Components
Branch Fittings Half Coupling

Allows to take a reducing branch connection from a Main Pipe Header. The Connection of a branch is at Right Angles from Main Pipe Header

Socket Welded

Threaded

Piping Components
Branch Fittings Olets

Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch connection from a Main Header.

Various types of Olets available are listed below:SOCKOLET WELDOLET ENDDOLET ELBOLET THREADOLET LATROLET NIPPOLET

Piping Components
Branch Fittings Sockolet
Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch connection from a Main Header, the branch connection will be of Socket welded type

Piping Components
Branch Fittings Weldolet
Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch connection from a Main Header, the branch connection will be of Butt welded type

Piping Components
Branch Fittings Elbolet
Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch connection from a Elbow of Main Header, the branch connection Can be Butt or Socket welded Or Threaded type.

Butt Welded

Threaded

Socket Welded

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Branch Fittings Threadolet
Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch connection from a Main Header, the branch connection will be of Threaded type

Piping Components
Branch Fittings Latrolet
Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch connection from a Main Header at a 45 deg angle, the branch connection Can be Butt or Socket welded Or Threaded type.

Butt Welded

Threaded

Socket Welded

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Flange
Flange Joints are used where joints need to be detached frequently due to maintenance or any other means. Flange joints are to be used always in pairs and are hold together by Bolts with proper Gaskets installed between the two flange facing. Various types of flange are being used in engineering. Types of Flange used in Engineering:Weld neck Flanges Socket Weld Flanges Lap Joint Flanges Ring Joint Flanges Tongue and Groove Joint Flanges Slip-On Flanges Threaded Flanges Blind Flanges

Piping Components
Flanges Weld Neck
Weld neck Flanges are drilled (machined) with the wall thickness of the flange having the same dimensions of the matching pipe. The lighter the pipe is, the larger the bore, conversely, the heavier the pipe, the smaller the bore. They are normally used for high-pressure, cold or hot temperature. The Welding End of the flange is joined to the piping by Butt welding.

Piping Components
Flanges Slip-On
A Slip-on Flange is bored slightly larger than the outer Diameter of the matching pipe. The pipe slips into the flange prior to welding, Welding is done from both inside and outside to prevent leaks.

Piping Components
Flanges Socket Weld
This flange is similar to slip-on flange, except the bore and a counter bore. The counter bore is slightly larger than the Outer Diameter of the matching pipe, allowing the pipe to be inserted. A restriction is built into the bottom of the bore, which acts as a shoulder for the pipe to rest on, and has the same ID of matching pipe. The flow is not restricted in any direction. The Welding End of the flange is joined to the piping by Socket welding.

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Flanges Lap Joint
Lap Joint Flanges are similar to slip-on flanges, the difference is it has a curved radius at the bore and face to accommodate a lap joint stub end. The lap joint flange and stub end assembly are normally used for cost reduction.

Piping Components
Flanges Threaded
This flange is similar to Socket weld flange, except the bore is threaded (Female threaded). Component joining this flange should have a male thread for installation.

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Flanges Blind
This is used to Close the End of a Flanged Piping or Nozzle

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Flange Ring Type
This type of flanges will have a groove on both the matching surface in which a ring gasket will be used for sealing. These Flanges are normally used in High Pressure systems.

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Flange Tongue and Groove Type
This type of flanges will have a groove on one flange surface and on the Other flange it will have a projection on the surface to match the groove and a proper Seal shall be installed for Bolting. These Flanges are normally used in High Pressure systems.

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Flanges Orifice
This is similar to the Weld Neck Flange with additional tapings on the Flange thickness. These tapings are used for Instrument connections. The number of taps (2 at 180 deg apart OR 4 at 90 deg apart) needs to be specified by purchaser depending on the process requirement.

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Spectacle Blind
This is also know as FIG 8. These are used for Positive Isolation. For Larger size depending on pressure Rating the spectacle blinds are made in to two different components SPACER and BLIND.

FIG 8

BLIND

SPACER

Piping Components
Typical Joints Used for inter connecting piping

components

Butt Welded Joint

Socket Welded Joint

Flanged Joint

Threaded Joint

Bell And Spigot Joint

SAMSUNG ENGINEERING INDIA P LTD. An Overview of Piping Material Specification

Valves: Type Gate Globe Check Butterfly Ball

Purpose On / Off Throttle / Regulation Restrict flow in one direction On / Off / Regulation On / Off

Standard Gate Valve Part List: API 600

SAMSUNG ENGINEERING INDIA P LTD. An Overview of Piping Material Specification

SAMSUNG ENGINEERING INDIA P LTD. An Overview of Piping Material Specification

Valve Trim Material, Temperature Limits (Fahrenheit, Only for guidance)

SAMSUNG ENGINEERING INDIA P LTD. An Overview of Piping Material Specification

Trim Material Characteristics (Only for guidance)

Gate Valve

Ball Valve

SAMSUNG ENGINEERING INDIA P LTD. An Overview of Piping Material Specification Dual Plate Check Valve Swing Check Valve

Butterfly Valve

Piping Components
Piping Specials
These are used to accomplish specialized functions in piping systems:

Item
Strainers Steam Traps Air Traps Flame Arrestors Sight Glasses Vent Silencers Hoses Sample Coolers Valve Interlocks

Purpose
to control solid particle size in the media to remove condensate from steam lines to remove moisture from air lines to prevent propagation of fire into equipments to provide visibility to flow to reduce noise level to provide flexible connections in piping system to facilitate sample collection to ensure operating sequence of valve systems

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Flame Arrestor Sight Glass Sample Cooler

Piping Components
Thermodynamic Bucket Ball Float Bimetallic Inverted

some of the common types of steam traps