Introduction to Soil Mechanics

Abdulrahman Alhabshi

Significance of this Class

Why do you need to learn about soils?

Almost all structures are either constructed of soil, supported on soil, or both.
Who must be concerned with soils?

Civil engineers (structural, environmental and geotechnical) must have basic understanding of the soil properties in order Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University to use them effectively in construction.

Transcosna Grain Elevator, Canada Oct. 18, 1913

Civil Engineering - Texas Tech West side of foundation sank University

24-ft

Settlement

Palacio de las Bellas, Artes,

Mexico City Leaning Tower, Pisa

Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University

Shear Failure Slope Stability

Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University

Soil Properties
SOIL PROPERTIES

Physical

Mechanical

Moisture content

Unit weight

Specific gravity

Gradation

Atterberg limit

Permeability Compressibility Strength (Shear)

Soil classification
Geotechnical engineering Structural engineering Pavement engineering Environmental engineering Geotechnical engineering Structural engineering Pavement engineering

PROFIL TANAH

A Horizon B Horizon C Horizon

(Partially weathered parent material)

Soil forming in granitic bedrock.

 DESKRIPSI TANAH

BS : 5930;1981
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i.

Consistency or relative density Fabric or fissuring Colour Subsidiary constituents Angularity or grading of principal soil type PRINCIPAL SOIL TYPE (in capital) More detailed comments on constituents or fabric (geological origin, if known) (in brackets); and Soil classification symbol (optional)

Deskripsi tanah

Contoh ;

Very stiff fissured dark grey CLAY (London Clay) (a) (b) (c) (f) (h)
Loose brown very sandy subangular coarse GRAVEL (a) ( c ) (d) (e) (f) with pockets of soft grey clay (g) Firm laminated brown SILT and CLAY (a) (b) (c) (f) (f)

DESKRIPSI BATUAN
BS : 5930;1981

a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

Colour Grain size Texture, and structure Weathered state ROCK NAME Estimated strength of the rock material Other terms indicating special engineering characteristics

Aturan Penilaian
1. Tugas Mingguan = 35 % 2. Tugas besar = 35 % 3. Ujian tulis = 30%

Comparison of the principal methods of description of intact rock

DESCRIPTION
Colour Grain size Texture and structure Weathered state Alteration state Cementation state Minor lithological characteristics Mineral type ROCK NAME Estimated strength Other characteristics and properties

ANON (1970)
X X X X X X X X X X x

ANON (1972)
X X X X X X X X x

BS 5930 (1981)
X X X X

X X X

Systematic rock material description

(i) (a) (b) (c ) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) GRANITE Very strong Impermeable except along joints Light pinkish grey Coarse-grained Porphyritic, massive Slightly weathered Slightly kaolinized (ii) Light yellowish brown Fine-grained Thickly bedded Fresh Weakly cemented Ferruginous QUARTZ SANDSTONE Weak Porous (iii) Light pinkish white Medium-grained Foliated Fresh With bands of dark coloured biotite with preferred orientation GNEISS Very strong

POSITIVISME Metode Kuantitatif Hasil Riset dan Development