LSI SpA Manufacturer of technologicalenvironmental measuring systems

YC Hooi MSc. Area Manager, LSI-ASPAC Division

www.lsi-lastem.it
Loc. Dosso 20090 Settala (Milano) - ITALY

In our facility in Milan (Italy) we design, develop, manufacture and sales our equipment for the world wide market. With 40 Work-Force and a turnover of 4.6 million Euros, we assure continuity of new innovative products development and producing state of the art equipments.

Two main lines of equipment

1. Indoor monitoring equipment

2. Outdoor monitoring equipment

OUR MISSION We help Occupant to Live and Work in a Comfortable place from environmental stand-point. VISION

Improve Healthy, Productive and Good Social Behavior Society

EPA : 80~90% of our time spend in Indoor.

More Attention to IEQ Indoor Environment Quality Issue

Why IEQ is Important

Why IEQ is Important

Why IEQ is Important

Why IEQ is Important

IEQ Indoor Environment Quality Human environmental comfort is affected by an interaction among four different aspects: Thermal environments

Light quantity/quality

Sound

Indoor air quality

Biological Pollutants
naerosols nbioaerosols

Radioactive Pollutants Radon, Gas Radon

Environmental Parameter SoundVibration Lux Radio Temp RH Airflow Radioactive, Electromagnetic
Heat Generation (activities) Insulation (Clothing Level)

Bacterial, Fungus

Air Pollutants
1 SolidAir-born particle 2 Gas
(PM)

(1) InorganicSO2NO2COO3,..etc (2) Organic : VOCsHCsFormaldehyde

3 Air-Born particulateDioxinHeavy

Metal poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, PAHs, etc

LSI provides equipment to measure environmental parameters for the evaluations of the : Thermal environments Sound

Light quantity

Indoor air quality

LSI is the world leader in the development and manufacturing of Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) monitoring equipments

Turny-key systems: data acquisition devices, sensors and PC programs

Thousands of systems sold world-wide since year 1972 We develope thermal environments monitoring systems since year 1972. The Main Reason LSI system solution were widely accepted by world wide customer;

1. Multi-measurement & Sensors autoreconizing feature ( Easy-To-Use, multi-parameters acquisition system) Can measure Thermal, Light, noise, air quality at the same time. 2. Display for data view (Instant reading) 3. Programmable acquisition rate (as users requirements) 4. Derived parameter calculation (local display of some important information) 5. Direct connection to printer or PC (primary report available on field) 6. PC program availability (complete post measurement processing)

During our developments, our approach is to strictly follow the international standards for hardware and software products
Standards 1. ISO 7726: Ergonomics of the thermal environment Instruments for measuring physical quantities 2. ISO8996: definition and estimation of METHABOLISM (MET) 3. ISO9920: Estimation of the thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble 4. ISO 7730 Moderate Thermal Environments PMV-PPD index 5. ISO7243 WBGT index (hot environments) OSH requirement 6. ISO7933:2005 PHS Predicted heat strain (hot environments) OSH 7. ISO11079: IREQ Required Thermal Isolation index (cold environments) OSH (Occupational Safety & Health)

For the thermal Environments evaluations scope: Air temperature Relative humidity Air speed

Wet temperature bulb natural ventilated (if WBGT index is required)

Radiant temperature Furthermore, within the Thermal Environment applications, if required we can measure: Surface temperature. For the determination of % disatisfy by Floor temperature (ISO 7730 )

Air temperature at hankle level. For the determination of % disatisfy by air temperature difference between head and hankles (ISO 7730 )
Radiant asymmetry. For the determination of % disatisfy by radiant temperature asimmetry (ISO 7730 ) Turbulance. For the determination of % disatisfy by draughts

LSI Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) monitoring system is a very flexible equipment able to measure parameters for Environmental Comfort, Stress & Quality:
IAQ: Indoor Air Quality: CO, CO2, NH4, H2S, Cl2, VOCs, CH4, Particulate and many other pollutants Ventilation: Air flow, Volume and number or air changes Thermohygrometry: RH, AH (Absolute humidity g/m3), SH (specific humidity g/kg), Dew Point, Enthalpy (kJ/kg), Mixing ratio (g/kg), partial vapour pressure (kPa), etc. Light: lux and day light factor Wall K Factor: Wall Thermal insulation capacity

Moreover in our product range we have even other kind of environmental monitoring equipment
Portable environmental equipment Different kind of probes for industrial applications

Meteorological equipment
Wireless systems Sound level meters

Photometers

IEQ Indoor Environment Quality Human environmental comfort is affected by an interaction among four different aspects: Thermal environments

Light quantity/quality

Sound

Indoor air quality

Environmental comfort always remains a complex issue depending on subjective evaluation

HUMAN-THERMAL ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION

INTERACTION THROUGH THERMAL EXCHANGES FOR: CONVECTION (C) CONDUCTION (K) RADIATION (R) RESPIRATION (CRES, ERES) EVAPORATION (E)

CORE

36,7

36,5

36,9

35,8

37,9

Thermal environments

Who can help us to find a way to get a single value, impartial, un-subjective, easy to compare and analyse ?

It is a Thermal index
It is a formula related to the result of the mans thermal sensation using the thermal balance of his body as a whole

Index differences There are three difference types of indexes in related to three difference kind of response of the Occupant to the three difference type of living or working environments. We are develop monitoring system using different ISO standards (index), to define each types of environments Thermal comfort indeces

Heat stress environments indeces

Cold environments indeces

Thermal environments

What we need? we need to know the four basic parameters:

Air temperature, Radiant temperature, Relative Humidity Air velocity Activity level Clothing level

of the environment.

of the occupancy

Thermal environments

Increase Temperature Control can save energy cost but not always improve comfort, productivity, Safety, Health, production cost &..etc

20C: is this a comfortable situation? It depends on .. relative humidity, air speed, thermal flows ..

It depends on .. activity level, clothing level.

Increase Temperature Control can save Index differences Moderate thermal environment indeces energy cost but not always improve comfort, productivity, it measures the distance to the complete Safety, Health, satisfaction expressed about the thermal environment. These index are used in living production cost &..etc

places, offices, hospitals, hotels. Wherever is required to balance the human thermal comfort which can be satisfy by optimum control of HVAC system. PMV-PPD (ISO7730)

Thermal environments

A typical index:
PMV - Predicted Mean Vote (ISO 7730)

-3 . 0 ... +3
cold nice Hot

PPD - Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (ISO 7730)

Index differences

Heat stress indeces

It measures the distance from a heat stress situation.
Occupationals Safety and Health

scope:
Heat stroke Dehydration Heart stroke Burns by radiant heat
WBGT: ISO7243 PHS: ISO7933/2005

Hot Environment
WBGT Reference Values
Metabolic rate Class O 1 2 3 4 W/m2 < 65 65 ~ 130 130 ~ 200 200 ~ 260 > 260 WBGT (C) Acclimatized 33 30 28 25 ~ 26 23 ~ 25 Not acclimatized 32 29 26 22 ~ 23 18 ~ 20

Hot Environment
WBGT Threshold Limit Values for Heat Exposure:
Acclimatized
Work/rest
100% Work 75% Work / 25% Rest 50% Work / 50% Rest 25% Work / 75% Rest

Non-Acclimatized
Very Light
27.5

Light
29.5

Moderate
27.5

Heavy
26.0

Moderate
25.0

Heavy
22.5

Very

30.5
31.5 32.5

28.5
29.5 31.0

27.5
28.5 30.0 27.5 29.5

29.0
30.0 31.0

26.5
28.0 28.0

24.5
26.5 28.0 25.0 26.5

Note: Reference: American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH 2002) Assumes 8 hours workdays in 5-days work week with conventional breaks. Assumes that workers exposed to these conditions are adequately hydrated, are not taking any medication, are wearing lightweight clothing, and are in generally good health.

Index differences Cold environments indeces It measures the distance from a situation of body cooling in Occupationals safety and health scope. Avoid hypothermia
ISO11079: IREQ Required Thermal Isolation index

Predicted Heat Strain (PHS) UNI EN ISO 7933:2005

Ergonomics of the thermal environment Analytical determination and interpretation of heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat strain

Target
a) Evaluation of the heat stress whenever the environment conditions are dangerous because it could increase the body temperature, or a excessive body water lost; b) Calculation of the exposition times limit in references to acclimatate or not acclimatate subjects and water accessibility

Innovation
Calculation over an occupant which moving in different envronments (work-rest). Calculation take in consideration of the dynamic results obtained in the previous situation.

Risultats
Posibility to follow during the time the evolution of Tre (Rectal temperature) and D (sums of the water loose) To verify when and if the limits are overpassed for Tre (Tre max 38C) and D50/D95 (50% and 95% percentage of exposed population)

Risultats

Graphs & reports

Light quantities Light has always smaller consideration in regard to its possibility to influence the environmental comfort of a living or working place. But it is not so true. It has been proved that people works better & safer in good lighting conditions.
Maximise Usage Of Natural Light, Optimum Use Of Light Energy Saving Save our planet

Light quantities Main factors:

Maximise Usage Of Natural Light, Optimum Use Of Light Energy Saving

Save our planet

Illuminance level (Lux or FootCandle) Luminance distribution (Lumens)

Furthermore, in case of natural light possibility, it is also important to know how much external light we need inside the indoor environment

Light quantities

Illuminating Engineering Society

Recommended Light Levels Task Area Lux

(IES)
Footcandle s

Paint Booths
Corridors/Stairways /Restrooms Storage Rooms Conference Rooms

1080 1615
108 216 108 540 216 540

100 - 150
10 - 20 10 - 50 20 - 50

Maximise Usage Of Natural Light, Optimum Use Of Light Energy Saving

General Offices
Drafting/Accounting Areas with VDTs Classrooms Cafeterias Gymnasiums Merchandising Manufacturing Assembly Parking Areas (uncovered)

540 1080
1080 2160 808 540 808 540 323 540 323 1615 540 5400 10.8 21.6

50 - 100
100 - 200 75 50 - 75 50 30 - 50 30 - 150 50 - 500 1-2

Save our planet

The four measurable photometric quantities of light are:

Luminous Intensity (production)
A measure of the amount of light output by a source, the unit of which is the candela (cd) or international standard candle, defined as the intensity of a black body of 1/60 cm area when heated to the melting point of platinum.

Luminous Flux / Distribution (transmission)

The amount of light travelling in a certain direction. Its units are the lumen (lm), defined as the amount of light emitted by a 1cd point source within one unit solid angle (described later).

Illuminance (incidence)
A measure of the amount of light falling on a particular surface. Its units is lux (lx), defined as equal to one lumen per metre squared (1 lm/m)

Luminance (reflection)
A measure of the brightness of a particular surface if considered as a large light source. Its units are CD/m. An alternative unit is the apostilb (asb) where 1cd/m = p asb (3.14159).

Noise

Noise strongly effects the environmental quality

IAQ Indoor Air Quality

Combination of the effects of air pollutants. CO2, CO, VOC, Formaldehyde, Particulate, Adequacies of the air changed frequency in a confined environment in relation to the characteristics of the incoming air and the internal production of pollutants.
The average person performing light office work produces carbon dioxide at a rate of 0.3L/min. ASHRAE recommends 10 L/s per person Normal part of the atmosphere at 330 - 350 ppm Acceptable Office levels 600 - 800ppm

Example: The control sequence should introduce outside air into the occupied space to maintain a maximum inside to outside differential of 700 ppm CO2.

Benefits -In summary form, The following are the most impressive findings of the financial value of health, productivity and human performance benefits of High Performance Building and Good IEQ:
Absenteeism reductions to 40% Far fewer complaints about IAQ Office productivity increases up to 16% Increased market value up to 100% Overall paybacks under 1 year ROI up to 1000% Up to 40% increased retail sales Up to 26% increased learning rates (in schools) Up to 90% decreased energy costs Up to 73% decreased O&M costs
Reference: High Performance Building Delivers Results: Communicating Productivity Benefits of Sustainable Building to Decision Makers in the Seattle Development Industry, Sustainable Demand Project, Seattle City Light, http://www.cityofseattle.net/light/conserve/sustainability/SDPFRa.pdf, December 2000.

INDOOR AIR QUALITY SEMINAR Pusat Pengajian Sains Kesihatan, USM Kampus Kesihatan Kubang Kerian

QUESTION & ANWSER

YC Hooi MSc. Area Manager, LSI-ASPAC Division

GB 50325-2001

9412300940106804
CO2 CO 8 8 1 1 24 24 8 1 1 2 (Temperature) 1 1 2 2.5mPM2.5 O3 1 2 (Fungi) 10mPM10 1 2 1 2 600 1000 2 9 0.1 3 500 ppm ppm CFU/m3/ CFU/m3/ g/m3/ g/m3/ ppm ppm ppm

HCHO (TVOC) (Bacteria)

1000
1000 60 150 100 0.03 0.05 1528

Measuring equipment

Main specification of a state of the art apparatus:

Multi measurement/sensor recognised capability: thermal, light, noise, air quality Programmable Sensor acquisition rate (different timing for each sensor) Multi-survey memory structure Local display system On board local derived parameter calculations without PC PC programs will present raw data on tables and charts, will produce specific calculation as indices, and will produce data report using a customizable layout showing many quantities on the same form: chart, table, report.

Thermal environments - Measuring equipment

Temperature and humidity sensor

Psychrometer (ISO7726) Good accuracy Long term stability Easy maintenance

No calibration required

Thermal environments - Measuring equipment

Air speed Air turbulence

Hot wire anemometer (ISO7726) Omni directional Low threshold Fast response

Thermal environments - Measuring equipment

Radiant temperature
Black globe (ISO7726) Omni directional Black opaque copper

Thermal environments - Measuring equipment

Plane Radiant temperature

Net radiometer Directional Radian asymmetry evaluation % dissatisfied by asymmetry

Thermal environments - Measuring equipment

Surfaces temperature
Floor/ankle temperatures Surface+ H10 cm temperature % dissatisfied by vertical temperature differences % dissatisfied by floor temperature

Light environments - Measuring equipment Illuminance - Luminance Luxmeter High dynamic range Daylight factor Photometer Luminance distribution/ratio Reflectance

Noise - Measuring equipment Sound Sound level meter Acoustic performance of

the HVAC system

Indoor Air Quality - Measuring equipment CO, CO2, H2S, etc Temperature, humidity, air speed Electrochemical cell

Infrared sensitive element CO2 only

Procedure to perform measurements Purposes of the evaluation and evaluation criteria

Define whether an environment is evaluated in relation to:

Well-being and satisfaction of the persons who live there

Compliance with the environmental limits indicated by the standards

Health of workers

Evaluation of the thermo-technical plant performances

Procedure to perform measurements Fundamental factors to be considered within the monitored environment operation of technological plants (HVAC); presence of work stations with peculiar characteristics;

crowding characteristics of the persons in the environment;

presence of wide windows or significant radiant sources; presence of persons within the same environment with different levels of activity (Met) and/or clothing (Clo); evaluation of the real operating possibilities.

Procedure to perform measurements

Identifying the moment to perform the set of measurements

The measurements should be performed for the purpose of obtaining a general overview of an average situation and to evaluate extreme situations. For this reason it is recommended to perform 3 cycles of measurements corresponding to the coldest, the hottest and a middle season.

Procedure to perform measurements

Identifying the environment to consider

Before starting the set of measurements, it should be defined whether the measurements must be performed to evaluate:

personal exposure to the environment being examined

the specific environment independently from the thermal feelings of the persons present (analysis based on plant and building systems)

Procedure to perform measurements

Defining the correct time span of each measurement

The measurement period must be selected taking into account two standard situations: -- Environment is constant throughout the day -- Environment change during the day