Chronology of the references of Psychological Intervention By: Rakesh Mishra

Cold War Days

1952: Indo-US agreement for 55 community

development projects including 300 villages and 300000 people.

In real practise Communities were not in pinciples and

methods of determining priorities of the community development projects.

The Government goes western

1956: Ministry of Community Development created to

monitor and evaluate the CDPs.

Tradition and Blame game controversy-I 1958: Many western writers have considered tradition as
root cause of India's low economic development. Max Weber,

Tradition and Blame game controversy-II

1961: One of the reasons for underdevelopment of India is

low achievement motivation of its people. McClelland,

1961: Hindu parents do not encourage the need of

achievements. They do not train to set higher goals for excellence and do not encourage the children to strive to achieve them in an individualistic and competetive spirit. McClelland, and Prayag Mehta developped a training and motivation program in collaboration with McClelland (Kakinada Experiment)

McClelland suggested a motivation program, Udai Pareek

Tradition and Blame game controversy-III

1969: Stated the Kakinada Experiment to be successful in

"Motivating Economic Achievement : McClelland and Winter,

1969 : Hinduism does not encourage need for achievement

and is responsible for low aspirations which characterize Indian personality. McClelland and Winter
1975: This program was repeated several times in the

country and claimed to be successful. (Shah, Gaikwad, Rao & Pareek,)

Tradition and Blame game controversy-IV

1975: Some India psychologists doubted about the

teanablity of the theory in India context. (JBP Sinha and Pandey,)

Evaluation of community development programs (D. Sinha, 1969 &1974), Rath (1975), D. Sinha 1985 Waber (1958) and McClelland

Foreign Funding to private organisations

1980: Entrance of International funding agencies in

India. Rapid Expansion of NGO sector.

1981: Psychology of Poverty in India (Pareek,) 1981: Dynamics of Social Change: Udai Pareek,

Foreign Funding to private organisations

1980-1990: Witnessed an extraordinary profiliteration

of foreign funded non-government organisations.

Reason of re-constructionism in tribal area

1991: 8.08% of India is tribal, Census

The ignored side-I

1994: World Bank Report reveals more than 86%

organisations (NGOs) receives funding on project basis.

Westernizing the minds

1998: Rajni Kothari observed that Indian community is

voluntarist community.
1998: Psychological Strategy for Human Development

(Mehta)

The ignored side-II

1998-99: 3925 cr. recieved for CDP
1999-2000: 4535 cr. recieved for CDPs.

90% Organisations working in rural sector are

dependent on foreign assistence for their survival.

2000: Nearly 20000 NGOs registered under FCRA.

Ignoring/Occupying water bodies

Ganga Kalyan Yojna, Million well scheme: 9th five year

plan
Hariyali, Swajal Dhara Swadhyaya Movement THE WASTE LAND: Nandita Roy, 2003 Source: dalal-psychosocial-interventions-for-community-

development