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AIM: To demonstrate that purer samples with higher percentages of ethanol can be obtained through fractional distillation of local gin and drying with CaO.
OBJECTIVES: Studying the effect of column height on the purity of the product. Studying the effect of packing material on the purity of the product. Studying the effect of number of packings on the purity of the product. Achieving further separation of the formed azeotrope with the introduction of calcium
JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY
The demand for purer forms of ethanol. Foreign exchange. Boost our local industries. Discourage the unwholesome consumption of ogogoro. Employment opportunities.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Ethanol (C2H5OH) - 78.37oC. Fractional distillation based on boiling points. The azeotrope formed after the fractional distillation of the ethanol - water mixture can be further purified via drying. Calcium oxide drying agent.
METHODOLOGY
VARIATION OF PACKING MATERIAL AND COLUMN HEIGHT
METHODOLOGY (CONTINUED)
VARIATION OF NUMBER OF PACKINGS USING CONSTANT Copper is packing material HEIGHT
Number of packings 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Height column (cm) 70.2 70.2 70.2 70.2 70.2 70.2 70.2
METHODOLOGY (CONTINUED)
2g, 4g, 6g, 8g and 10g of CaO were used to treat ethanol samples for 4 hours.
DRYING FILTRATION DISTILLATION
85
80
75
Number of packings
Figure 1.2: Effects of variation of number of packings on the purity of ethanol-water mixture.
97.5
97.45 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
CONCLUSION
The efficiency of fractional distillation can be increased by increasing the height of the fractionation column and the number of packings. Smaller piece sizes of random packings increase the efficiency of fractional distillation. Surface area is a very important factor that can affect the efficiency of fractional distillation. Although random copper chips yielded better results than random glass chips and plastic beads, the best material between the three is glass, as corrosion can degrade the copper in the long run. Drying by using calcium oxide requires small
RECOMMENDATIONS
Other drying agents Structured packings Size variation Time Barring constant energy supply.