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Hardware & Equipment Introduction to PPOE & PPOA PPOE & PPOA Network Connection Introduction to DHCP & APIPA Understanding MAC Address Basic Command Prompt Broadband Internet Connection Setup Types of Speed DSL Parameter: SNR Margin & Line Attenuation

Hardware & Equipment

Wall Socket / Phone Jack

Splitter

Microfilter

RJ11 / Phone Cable

RJ45 / Network Cable

ADSL Modem

ADSL Modem/Router/LAN/Wireless

Network Card (NIC)

Power Adapter

Router LAN / Wireless

Switch

Hub

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Edited by: Wan Faisal B. Wan Awang @ Wan Hassan

Phone Jack & Microfilter

Female Electrical connectors that have slots or holes which accept and deliver current to the prongs of inserted plugs.

Shared internal wiring is always an issue but generally is resolved satisfactorily with Microfilter installed in between the jack and the analog voice set or fax machine. The filters prevent the analog devices from draining the high-frequency signal power, thereby improving the signal-tonoise ratio for the modem.

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Edited by: Wan Faisal B. Wan Awang @ Wan Hassan

ADSL Splitter

An analog low-pass filter installed between analog devices and a POTS telephone line To prevent interference between such devices and a DSL service operating on the same line. Note: Without DSL filters, signals from analog devices at the top of their frequency range can result in reduced performance and connection problems with DSL service, while those from the DSL service at the bottom of its range can result in line noise and other issues for analog devices. In cases where it is possible to run new cables, it can be advantageous to split the telephone line after it enters the home, installing a single DSL filter on one leg and running it to every jack in the home where an analog device will be in use, and dedicating the other (unfiltered) leg to the DSL modem.

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Edited by: Wan Faisal B. Wan Awang @ Wan Hassan

RJ11 & RJ45

RJ11 used to connect a telephone to the telephone wiring in a home or business. It is inserted into its female counterpart, a telephone "jack.

RJ45 cables plugs and sockets are most regularly used as an Ethernet connector and typically used to terminate twisted pair cable. The RJ45 connector is probably best known for its use in Ethernet, it has been used almost universally as the connector on Ethernet network cables.

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Edited by: Wan Faisal B. Wan Awang @ Wan Hassan

Network Card (NIC)

A network card, network adapter, network interface controller (NIC), network interface card, or LAN adapter is a computer hardware component designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network. NIC is also allows a network capable device access to a computer network such as the internet. The NIC has a ROM chip that has a unique Media Access Control (MAC) Address burned into it. Note: The MAC address identifies the vendor MAC address which identifies it on the LAN.
A network card typically has a twisted pair, BNC, or AUI socket where the network cable is connected, and a few LEDs to inform the user of whether the network is active, and whether or not there is data being transmitted on it. Network Cards are typically available in 10/100/1000 Mbit/s varieties. This means they can support a transfer rate of 10, 100 or 1000 Megabits per second.

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Edited by: Wan Faisal B. Wan Awang @ Wan Hassan

Power Adapter & ADSL Modem

A device or system that supplies electrical or other types of energy to an output load or group of loads is called a Power Supply Unit or PSU

Modem (from modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information.

ADSL Modem is a device used to connect a single computer to a DSL phone line, in order to use an ADSL service. It is also called a DSL Transceiver.

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Edited by: Wan Faisal B. Wan Awang @ Wan Hassan

Physical view of modem

Front view will have few LEDs PPP / Internet DSL / Link / WAN / ADSL

LAN / Ethernet / ETH / PC

Power / PWR

LED 1 2 PPP / Internet DSL / Link / WAN / ADSL LAN / Ethernet / ETH / PC

Meaning Lit steady when successfully connected/login Lit steady when connected to DSLAM Blinking when no connection to DSLAM Lit steady when connected to Ethernet devices (router/server/Network card) Blinking when there is Transmit and Receive activity Lit steady when connected to power

Power / PWR

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Edited by: Wan Faisal B. Wan Awang @ Wan Hassan

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Physical view of modem

Rear view will have few ports/interfaces RJ11 for line in RJ45 to connect to PC Power supply in (240V) Power switch on/off (optional) Reset button Port 1 2 3 4 5 ON/OFF button Power Reset button RJ45 interface RJ11 interface Function ON/OFF switch Connect to power supply adapter To restore to factory default. Connect to UTP Cat5 cable to PC or other Ethernet devices Connect to telephone line that connected to DSLAM

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Edited by: Wan Faisal B. Wan Awang @ Wan Hassan

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Router
ADSL Modem/Router/LAN/Wireless Router LAN / Wireless

A router is a device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is typically connected to at least two networks, commonly two Local Area Networks (LANs) or Wide Area Networks (WAN) or a LAN and its ISP's network. Router use protocols such as ICMP to communicate with each other and configure the best route between any two hosts.
Edited by: Wan Faisal B. Wan Awang @ Wan Hassan

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 All routers have a WAN Port that connects to a DSL or cable modem for broadband Internet service and the integrated switch allows users to easily create a LAN. This allows all the PCs on the LAN to have access to the Internet and Windows file and printer sharing services.

WAN
/WAN

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Edited by: Wan Faisal B. Wan Awang @ Wan Hassan

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Switch
Called also network switch, packet switch (or just switch) Plays an integral part in most Ethernet local area networks or LANs.
Example: Mid-to-large sized LANs contain a number of linked managed switches. Small office, home office (SOHO) applications typically use a single switch

In the context of a standard 10/100 Ethernet switch, a switch operates at the datalink layer of the OSI model to create a different collision domain per switch port.
Example: If you have 4 computers A/B/C/D on 4 switch ports, then A and B can transfer data between them as well as C and D at the same time, and they will never interfere with each others' conversations.

It allows you to have dedicated bandwidth on point to point connections with every computer and to therefore run in full duplex with no collisions.

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Edited by: Wan Faisal B. Wan Awang @ Wan Hassan

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Hub
A common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are commonly used to connect segments of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.

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Hub vs. Switch vs. Router

These two devices have similar roles on the network. Each serves as a central connection for all of your network equipment and handles a data type known as frames (carry your data). When a frame is received, it is amplified and then transmitted on to the port of the destination PC. The big difference between these two devices is in the method in which frames are being delivered.

Hub
Frame is passed along or broadcast to everyone of its port
The hub has no way of distinguishing which port a frame should be sent to. This will places traffic on the network Additionally, a 10/100Mbps hub must share its bandwidth with each and every one of its ports. So when only one PC is broadcasting, it will have access to the maximum available bandwidth. If, however, multiple PCs are broadcasting, then that bandwidth will need to be divided among all of those systems, which will degrade performance.

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Edited by: Wan Faisal B. Wan Awang @ Wan Hassan

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Switch
Keeps a record of the MAC addresses of all the devices connected to it. With this information, a switch can identify which system is sitting on which port. So when a frame is received, it knows exactly which port to send it to, without significantly increasing network response times. Unlike a hub, a 10/100Mbps switch will allocate a full 10/100Mbps to each of its ports. So regardless of the number of PCs transmitting, users will always have access to the maximum amount of bandwidth. It's for these reasons why a switch is considered to be a much better choice then a hub.

Routers
Where a Hub or Switch is concerned with transmitting frames, a router's job, as its name implies, is to route packets to other networks until that packet ultimately reaches its destination. One of the key features of a packet is that it not only contains data, but the destination address of where it's going.

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Edited by: Wan Faisal B. Wan Awang @ Wan Hassan

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Introduction to PPOE & PPOA

What is PPOE? Acronym for Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet. A network protocol for encapsulating Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) frames inside Ethernet frames. A specification for connecting multiple computer users on an Ethernet local area network to a remote site through common customer premise equipment. A specification for connecting the users on an Ethernet to the Internet through common broadband medium, such as a single DSL line, wireless device or a cable modem. Used mainly with ADSL services where individual users connect to the ADSL transceiver (modem) over Ethernet and in plain Metro Ethernet networks.

All the users over the Ethernet share a common connection, so the Ethernet principles supporting multiple users in a LAN combine with the principles of PPP, which apply to serial connections.
Login ID to Streamyx connection : username@streamyx (without.com)

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Edited by: Wan Faisal B. Wan Awang @ Wan Hassan

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What is PPOA? Acronym for Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode).

Relies on two widely accepted standards : PPP and ATM.

IP packets travel from the PC over Ethernet to the DSL modem then the DSL modem adds the PPP protocol to the IP packets and transports to the carriers DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM).

Login to Streamyx connection: username@tmnet (without .com)

Edited by: Wan Faisal B. Wan Awang @ Wan Hassan 20

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