EGR2209 ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

1 TOPIC 2 OHMS LAW, ENERGY AND POWER

Topic 2.1
2 OHMS LAW

Introduction
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Ohms Law describes mathematically how voltage, current

and resistance in a circuit are related.

Voltage is the amount of energy per charge available to move electrons from one point to another in a circuit and is measured in volts. Current is the rate of charge flow and is measured in amperes. Resistance is the opposition to current and is measured in ohms.

Effect On The Current Of Changing The Voltage With The Resistance At A Constant Value
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Effect On The Current Of Changing The Resistance With The Voltage At A Constant Value
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Ohms Law
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V IR

V I R

V R I

Example: Verify that the current through 10 resistor increases when the voltage is increased from 5 V to 20 V.

A Graphic Aid For The Ohms Law Formulas.

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Example
8

In the circuit, how much voltage is needed to produce 5 A of

current?

Topic 2.2
9 ENERGY AND POWER

Introduction
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When there is a current through a resistance, electrical

energy is converted to heat or any other form of energy, such as light. Example: Light bulb becomes too hot to touch Electrical components must be able to dissipate a certain amount of energy in a given period of time.

Energy
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Energy is the ability to do work, and power is the rate at

which energy is used.

W P t

P = Power, watts (W) W = Amount of energy, joules (J) t = Length of time, seconds (s)

One watt is the amount of power when one joule of energy is used in one second

Number of joules used in 1 s equals to the number of watts.

Example
12

An amount of energy equal to 100 J is used in 5 s. What is

the power in watts?

Topic 2.3
13 POWER

Power
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When there is a current through a resistance, the collisions

of the electrons as they move through the resistance give off heat, resulting in a conversion of electrical energy to thermal energy. In electrical work, the rate energy is dissipated can be determined from any of three forms of the power formula.

PI R
2

P VI

V2 P R

Example
15

Calculate the power in each of the three circuits.

The Power Rating of Resistor

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Resistor gives off heat when there is current through it. There is a limit to the amount of heat that a resistor can

give off, which is specified by its power rating. Power rating is the maximum amount of power that a resistor can dissipate without being damaged by excessive heat buildup

Is mainly determined by the physical composition, size and shape of the resistor.

Relative sizes of metal-film resistors with standard power ratings of 18 W, 14 W, 12 W, and 1 W

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Example
18

Choose an adequate power rating (18 W, 14 W, 12 W, and 1

W) for each of the metal film resistors represented in Figure.

Example
19

Determine whether the resistor in each circuit of Figure has

possibly been damaged by overheating.

Voltage Drop in a Resistance

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A loss of energy by electrons (charge) as they flow through

a resistance creates a voltage drop because voltage equals energy divided by charge.

W V Q
V = Voltage, volts (V) W = Energy, joules (J) Q = Charge, coulombs (C)

The End
21 CREDITS TO ELECTRONICS FUNDAMENTALS: CIRCUITS, DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS THOMAS L. FLOYD & DAVID M. BUCHLA