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Chapter:2
Ethics in Business Research

Group Members: o o o o o Azka Zainab Rabia Sidra Salma MS13MBA034 MS13MBA035 MS13MBA020 MS13MBA006 MS13MBA004

Key Terms of Research Ethics

Code of ethics Confidentiality Debriefing Deception Ethics

Contd
Informed Consent Non-Disclosure Findings Purpose Sponsor Right to Privacy Right to Quality Right to safety

Zainab Saleem

MS13MBA035

What are Research Ethics?

Ethics: Ethics are norms or standards of behavior that guide moral choices about our behavior and our relationships with others. Research ethics: Research ethics involves the application of fundamental ethical principles to a variety of topics involving research, including scientific research

Why Ethics Are Important In Research

Promote the aims of research Promote values that are essential to collaborative work Researchers can be held accountable to the public Public support Moral and social values

Ethical Principles
Honesty Objectivity Integrity Carefulness Openness Respect for Intellectual Property Confidentiality Responsible Publication

 Responsible Mentoring Respect for colleagues Social Responsibility Non-Discrimination Competence Legality Animal Care Human Subjects Protection

Why Are Research Ethics Important?

In order to respect and cause no harm to the participants A sign of respect for other researchers It is a requirement to obtain funding. Failing to conduct research ethically could be embarrassing or result in research (or the researcher) being dismissed or rejected. Questionnaires and focus groups, must be passed by an Ethics Committee to confirm that the research conforms to a set of ethical guidelines.

Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

1. Explain study benefits 2. Explain participants rights and protection 3. Obtain informed consent

Deception
The respondent is told only part of the truth or when the truth is fully compromised To prevent biasing the respondents before the survey or experiment To protect the confidentiality of a third party

Issues Related To Protecting Respondents

Informed consent Debriefing Right to privacy/Confidentiality Data collection in cyber space

Debriefing
Debriefing is a process of receiving an explanation of a study or investigation after participation is complete. It involves several activities following collection of data. Explain any deception Describe purpose Share results Provide follow-up

Participants Confidentiality
Obtain signed non-disclosure Restrict access to identification Minimize instruments requiring identification Reveal only with written consent Non-disclosure of data subsets

Rights to Privacy
Rights to refuse Prior permission to interview Limit time required Schedule field and phone interviews Restrict observation to public behavior

Rabia Hussain
Ms13MBA020

What is cyberspace

Cyberspace is a domain characterized by the use of electronics and the electromagnetic spectrum to store, modify, and exchange data via networked systems and associated physical infrastructures.

Data Mining
Generally, data mining (sometimes called data Technically, data or knowledge discovery) mining is the process is the process of of finding correlations analyzing data from or patterns among different perspectives dozens of fields in and summarizing it into large relations. useful information information that can be used to increase revenue, cuts costs, or both.

Cyberspace And Data Mining Ethics

Researchers to cyberspace in search of abundant sources of data. Whether we call it wired society, computer-mediated communication or cyber culture the growth of cyber studies causes us to question how we gather data online, deal with participants, & present results. Issues relating to cyberspace also relate to data mining. Smartcards, biometrics, electronic monitoring are just some technological tools being used by todays organizations to track and understand employees, customers, & suppliers. The primary ethical data-mining issues in cyberspace are privacy &consent.

European Union
European Union countries passed European Commission's Data Protection Directive This commission prohibits the transmission of any personal information to any country that has no data protection rules. If any one fails to act upon then Those Companies could be prosecuted Websites may be blocked

Ethics and the Sponsor

Sponsor non-disclosure Purpose non-disclosure Finding non-disclosure

Sponsor-Researcher Relationship
Sponsors obligation: Specify the problem Provide adequate information to the researcher Provide access to companys information Researchers obligation: To develop a creative research design Give analyzed data for the problem specified Point out limitations affecting the results

Sponsor-Researcher Conflicts
Knowledge gap between the researcher and the manager Job status and internal, political coalitions to preserve status Unneeded or inappropriate research The right to quality research

Sponsors Ethics
Sometimes researchers will asked by sponsors to participate in unethical behavior. To avoid coercion by sponsor the researcher should: Educate the sponsor to the purpose of research Explain researchers role Explain how distortion of the truth leads to future problems If necessary, terminate relationship with sponsors

Ethical issues related to Researchers and Team Members

Safety Ethical behavior of assistants Protection of anonymity

Sidra Basit
Ms13MBA006

Professional standards
Various standards of ethics exist for the professional researcher. Many corporations, professional associations, and universities have a code of ethics.
One comprehensive source contains 51 ofcial codes of ethics issued by 45 associations in business, health, and law.

The business section of this source consists of Ethics Standards for: AccountingAmerican Institute of Certied Public Accountants. AdvertisingAmerican Association of Advertising Agencies. BankingAmerican Bankers Association. EngineeringAmerican Association of Engineering Societies. Financial planningAssociation for Investment Management and Research

Resources for Ethical Awareness

Case Study

Salma Attique
MS13MBA004

Making Research Discussions