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- Is a technique where by the total variation present in a data set is partitioned or segregated into several components - Usually each of these components of variation is associated with a specific source of variation
- In any experimentation it is of interest to know the magnitude of the contributions of each of these sources to the total variation
Hypotheses
We may test the null hypothesis that, - all population or treatment means are equal
m1 = m2 = m3 = ---------
Uses of ANOVA
In situations warranting multiple comparisons of means -a global test like ANOVA is desirable
Analysis of variance
- F-Ratio
Source of variation
WITHIN GROUPS SUM OF SQUARES
SSWITHIN
DEGREES OF FREEDOM
cn-c where c=number of groups, n= number of observations in a group
MEAN SQUARED-MSWITHIN
SSWITHIN/cn-c
Source of variation
TOTAL SUM OF SQUARES
SSTOTAL
DEGREES OF FREEDOM
cn-1 where c=number of groups, n= number of observations in a group
MEAN SQUARED-MSWITHIN
SSTOTAL/cn-1
DEGREES OF FREEDOM
c-1 where c=number of groups
MEAN SQUARED-MSBETWEEN
SSBETWEEN/c-1
Analysis of variance
- Sum of squares
Analysis of variance
Sum of squares
SS total = ( X ij - X )
i = 1 j =1
Analysis of variance
- Sum of squares
SS within = ( X ij - X j )
i = 1 j =1
Analysis of variance
Sum of squares
SS between = n j ( X j - X )
j =1
Analysis of variance
Sum of squares
test unit in the jth group pi = grand mean X n = number of all observations ot test units in a group c = number of jth groups (or columns)
Calculation of F-Ratio
MS between F= MS within
Decision Rule
DR: Reject H0 in favor of HA iff Fcalc > F(alfa, c-1/cn-c) . Otherwise, FTR H0.
Hypothesis
H0: The means of all the groups are equal. Ha: Not all the means are equal
doesnt say how or which ones differ. Can follow up with multiple comparisons
ANOVA TABLE
Source treatment Error Total DF 2 22 24 SS 34.74 59.26 94.00 MS 17.37 2.69 F 6.45